Demographics of Spain
| Demographics of Spain | |
|---|---|
Population pyramid of Spain in 2021 | |
| Population | 49,153,849 (2025 est.) |
| Density | 97/km2 (251.2/sq mi) |
| Growth rate | 1.2% (2023) |
| Birth rate | 6.61 births/1,000 people (2023) |
| Death rate | 8.96 deaths/1,000 people (2023) |
| Life expectancy | 83.96 (2025) |
| • male | 81.27 |
| • female | 86.59 |
| Fertility rate | 1.12 children per woman (2023) |
| Infant mortality rate | 1.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2024) |
| Net migration rate | 4.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population |
| Age structure | |
| 0–14 years | 13.26% |
| 15–64 years | 66.09% |
| 65 and over | 20.65% |
| Sex ratio | |
| Total | 0.95 male(s)/female (2024) |
| At birth | 1.05 male(s)/female |
| Under 15 | 1.04 male(s)/female |
| 15–64 years | 1 male(s)/female |
| 65 and over | 0.76 male(s)/female |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | Spanish citizen |
| Major ethnic | White 81.3% |
| Minor ethnic | |
| Language | |
| Official | Spanish |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 4,600,000 | — |
| 500 | 4,000,000 | −0.03% |
| 1000 | 4,000,000 | +0.00% |
| 1300 | 7,500,000 | +0.21% |
| 1500 | 6,500,000 | −0.07% |
| 1600 | 8,500,000 | +0.27% |
| 1700 | 8,000,000 | −0.06% |
| 1833 | 12,286,941 | +0.32% |
| 1846 | 12,162,872 | −0.08% |
| 1857 | 15,464,340 | +2.21% |
| 1877 | 16,622,175 | +0.36% |
| 1887 | 17,549,608 | +0.54% |
| 1900 | 18,616,630 | +0.46% |
| 1910 | 19,990,669 | +0.71% |
| 1920 | 21,388,551 | +0.68% |
| 1930 | 23,677,095 | +1.02% |
| 1940 | 26,014,278 | +0.95% |
| 1950 | 28,117,873 | +0.78% |
| 1960 | 30,582,936 | +0.84% |
| 1970 | 33,956,047 | +1.05% |
| 1981 | 37,683,363 | +0.95% |
| 1991 | 38,872,268 | +0.31% |
| 2001 | 40,847,371 | +0.50% |
| 2011 | 46,815,916 | +1.37% |
| 2021 | 47,400,798 | +0.12% |
| 2025 | 49,153,849 | +0.91% |
| Source: INE and Our World in Data | ||
As of 1 April 2025, Spain had a total population of 49,153,849. The modern Kingdom of Spain arose from the accretion of several independent Iberian realms, including the Kingdoms of León, Castile, Navarre, the Crown of Aragon and Granada, all of which, together with the modern state of Portugal, were successor states to the late antique Christian Visigothic Kingdom after the Reconquista.
Spain's population surpassed 49 million inhabitants for the first time in history in 2025, with a total population of 49,153,849 people living in Spain. Its population density, at 97 inhabitants per square kilometre (250/sq mi), is much lower than other Western European countries, yet, with the exception of microstates, it has the highest real density population in Europe, based on density of inhabited areas. With the notable exception of Madrid, Spain's capital city, the most densely populated areas lie around the coast.
The population of Spain doubled during the twentieth century, but the pattern of growth was extremely uneven due to large-scale internal migration from the rural interior to the industrial cities. Eleven of Spain's fifty provinces saw an absolute decline in population over the century.
In 2023, the average total fertility rate (TFR) across Spain was 1.12 children born per woman.
Spain accepted 478,990 new immigrant residents in the first six months of 2022 alone. During these first six months, 220,443 people also emigrated from Spain, leaving a record-breaking net migration figure of 258,547. The data shows that more women than men chose to move to Spain during 2022, this is due to higher rates of emigration from Latin America.