Romani people
Romani flag created in 1933 and accepted at the 1971 World Romani Congress | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 2–12 million | |
| United States | 1 million estimated with Romani ancestry |
| Brazil | 800,000 (0.4%) |
| Spain | 750,000–1.5 million (1.5–3.7%) |
| Romania | 569,500–1.85 million (3.4–8.32%) |
| Turkey | 500,000–2.75 million (0.57–3.2%) |
| Bulgaria | 325,343–750,000 (4.9–10.3%) |
| Hungary | 309,632–870,000 (3.21–9%) |
| France | 300,000–1.2 million (0.21%) |
| Argentina | 300,000 |
| United Kingdom | 225,000 (0.4%) |
| Russia | 205,007–825,000 (0.6%) |
| Serbia | 131,936 |
| Italy | 120,000–180,000 (0.3%) |
| Greece | 111,000–300,000 (2.7%) |
| Germany | 105,000 (0.1%) |
| Slovakia | 105,738–490,000 (2.1–9%) |
| Albania | 9,813 (2023 census) |
| Iran | 2,000–110,000 |
| North Macedonia | 46,433 (2.53%) |
| Sweden | 50,000–100,000 |
| Ukraine | 47,587–260,000 (0.6%) |
| Portugal | 52,000 (0.5%) |
| Austria | 40,000–50,000 (0.6%) |
| Kosovo | 36,000 (2%) |
| Netherlands | 32,000–40,000 (0.2%) |
| Poland | 17,049–32,500 (0.1%) |
| Croatia | 16,975–35,000 (0.8%) |
| Mexico | 15,850 |
| Chile | 15,000–20,000 |
| Moldova | 12,778–250,000 (3.0–7.05%) |
| Finland | 10,000–12,000 est. (0.2%) |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 8,864–58,000 (1.5%) |
| Colombia | 2,649–8,000 |
| Belarus | 7,316–47,500 (0.5%) |
| Latvia | 7,193–12,500 (0.6%) |
| Canada | 5,255–80,000 |
| Montenegro | 5,629 |
| Czech Republic | 5,199–40,370 (Romani speakers)–250,000 (1.9%) |
| Australia | 5,000–25,000 |
| Slovenia | 3,246 |
| Lithuania | 2,571 |
| Denmark | 5,500 |
| Ireland | 22,435 |
| Georgia | 1,200 |
| Belgium | 30,000 |
| Cyprus | 1,250 |
| Switzerland | 25,000–35,000 |
| Languages | |
| Romani (Para-Romani) · Official languages of native countries | |
| Religion | |
| Mostly Christianity (Catholic · Orthodox · Protestant) Minorities: Irreligious · Islam · Shaktist Hinduism · Buddhism · Judaism (through marital conversions) · Romani mythology | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Ghorbati · Doms · Lom · Ḍoma · Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians · other Indo-Aryan peoples | |
The Romani people (/ˈroʊməni/ ⓘ or /ˈrɒməni/), also known as the Roma (sg.: Rom) or the Romani, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group who traditionally lived a nomadic, itinerant lifestyle. Linguistic and genetic evidence reveals that the Romani people originated in South Asia, likely in the regions of present-day Punjab, Rajasthan and Sindh.
Their westward migration occurred in waves, with the first wave believed to have taken place sometime between the 5th and 11th centuries. They are believed to have first arrived in Europe sometime between the 7th and 14th centuries. Although they are widely dispersed, their most concentrated populations are believed to be in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, and Slovakia.
In the English language, Romani people have long been known by the exonym Gypsies or Gipsies and this remains the most common English term for the group. Some Roma use and embrace this term while others consider it to be derogatory or an ethnic slur.
The Romani language is an Indo-Aryan language with strong Balkan influence. It is divided into several dialects, which together are estimated to have over 2 million speakers. Because the language has traditionally been oral, many Roma are native speakers of the dominant language in their country of residence, or else of mixed languages that combine the dominant language with a dialect of Romani in varieties sometimes called para-Romani.