Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina
	Sarajevo, the financial centre of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Currency	Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark (BAM)
Fiscal year	Calendar year
Trade organisations	CEFTA, WTO (observer)
Country group	Developing/Emerging; Upper-middle income economy;
Statistics
Population	3,140,095 (7 April 2025, est.)
GDP	$29.86 billion (nominal, 2025f); $77.900 billion (PPP, 2025f);
GDP rank	110th (nominal, 2023 est.); 110th (PPP, 2023 est.);
GDP growth	-3.0% (2020); +7.4% (2021); +4.2% (2022); +1.8% (2023); +2.5% (2024); +3.0% (2025f);
GDP per capita	$9,479 (nominal, 2025f); $22,610 (PPP, 2025f);
GDP per capita rank	88th (nominal, 2024 est.); 83rd (PPP, 2024 est.);
GDP by sector	agriculture: 6.8%; industry: 28.9%; services: 64.3%; (2017 est.);
Inflation (CPI)	−0.6% (2020 est.)
Population below poverty line	17.5% (2021)
Human Development Index	0.804 very high maximum (2023, 74th); 0.667 medium real (2022, IHDI);
Corruption Perceptions Index	35 out of 100 points (2023) (101st)
Labour force	1,583,000 (15 September 2022); 55.9% employment rate (2023);
Unemployment	11.7% (December 2024); 27.3% youth unemployment (2023);
Average gross salary	2,336 BAM / €1,194.90 / $1,335.65 (February 2025)
Average net salary	1,506 BAM / €770.10 / $874.10 (February 2025)
Main industries	steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicles, textiles, tobacco products, furniture, tanks, aircraft, domestic appliances, oil refining
External
Exports	$8.9 billion (2022)
Export goods	electricity, car seats, iron structures, aluminium, furniture
Main export partners	EU 73.2%; Serbia 12.7%; Montenegro 2.8%; Turkey 2.5%; Switzerland 2.4%; (January, 2022)
Imports	$11.37 billion (2021)
Import goods	crude oil, automobiles, motor oil, coal, briquettes
Main import partners	EU 59.0% Serbia 11.3%; China 7.9%; Turkey 5.9%; Russia 2.9%; (January, 2022)
FDI stock	$9.73 billion (31 December 2022 est.); Abroad: $0 (2014);
Current account	−$873 million (2017 est.)
Gross external debt	$4.87 billion (30 June 2023)
Public finances
Government debt	18.09% of GDP (30 June 2023)
Foreign reserves	$9.24 billion (June 30, 2024)
Budget balance	+2.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Revenues	7.993 billion (2017 est.)
Expenses	7.607 billion (2017 est.)
Credit rating	Standard & Poor's:; B+ (Domestic); B+ (Foreign); BB (T&C Assessment);
	All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.

The economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a developing, upper-middle income economy. Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence from socialist Yugoslavia on 1 March 1992. The main trading partners are Germany, Italy, Austria, Turkey and neighboring countries in Southeast Europe.