Fibroblast growth factor 1

FGF1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	4QO3, 1AXM, 1DJS, 1DZC, 1DZD, 1E0O, 1EVT, 1HKN, 1JQZ, 1JT3, 1JT4, 1JT5, 1JT7, 1JTC, 1JY0, 1K5U, 1K5V, 1M16, 1NZK, 1P63, 1PZZ, 1Q03, 1Q04, 1RG8, 1RML, 1RY7, 1YTO, 1Z2V, 1Z4S, 2AFG, 2AQZ, 2AXM, 2ERM, 2HW9, 2HWA, 2HWM, 2HZ9, 2K43, 2K4A, 2K8R, 2KI4, 2KI6, 2NTD, 2Q9X, 2RQ9, 3B9U, 3BA4, 3BA5, 3BA7, 3BAD, 3BAG, 3BAH, 3BAO, 3BAQ, 3BAU, 3BAV, 3BB2, 3CQA, 3CRG, 3CRH, 3CRI, 3CU1, 3FGM, 3FJ8, 3FJ9, 3FJA, 3FJB, 3FJC, 3FJD, 3FJE, 3FJF, 3FJH, 3FJI, 3FJJ, 3FJK, 3HOM, 3JUT, 3K1X, 3O3Q, 3OJ2, 3OJM, 3OJV, 3UD7, 3UD8, 3UD9, 3UDA, 4J23, 4Q91, 4Q9G, 4Q9P, 4QAL, 4QBC, 4QBV, 4QC4, 4XKI, 4YOL
Identifiers
Aliases	FGF1, AFGF, ECGF, ECGF-beta, ECGFA, ECGFB, FGF-1, FGF-alpha, FGFA, GLIO703, HBGF-1, HBGF1, fibroblast growth factor 1
External IDs	OMIM: 131220; MGI: 95515; HomoloGene: 625; GeneCards: FGF1; OMA:FGF1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (human)
End	142,698,070 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 18 (mouse)
End	39,062,525 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	glomerulus; ; metanephric glomerulus; ; inferior ganglion of vagus nerve; ; corpus callosum; ; optic nerve; ; external globus pallidus; ; internal globus pallidus; ; Medulla Oblongata; ; inferior olivary nucleus; ; olfactory bulb;
	Top expressed in
	deep cerebellar nuclei; ; pontine nuclei; ; medial vestibular nucleus; ; habenula; ; facial motor nucleus; ; dorsal tegmental nucleus; ; anterior horn of spinal cord; ; right lung; ; myocardium of ventricle; ; right ventricle;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	S100 protein binding; protein binding; growth factor activity; protein tyrosine kinase activity; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity; fibroblast growth factor receptor binding; integrin binding; 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity; heparin binding; Hsp70 protein binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; cytosol; extracellular region; cell cortex; nucleolus; nucleus; extracellular space; extracellular matrix;
Biological process	cell differentiation; cellular response to heat; positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; positive regulation of MAP kinase activity; organ induction; lung development; positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; anatomical structure morphogenesis; positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction; branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching; positive regulation of angiogenesis; MAPK cascade; multicellular organism development; mesonephric epithelium development; angiogenesis; regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor; positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process; cell population proliferation; positive regulation of cell division; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; signal transduction; phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process; peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis; fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process; regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis; positive regulation of cell migration; positive regulation of endothelial cell migration; activation of protein kinase B activity; regulation of signaling receptor activity; positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2246
	14164
	ENSG00000113578
	ENSMUSG00000036585
	P05230
	P61148
NM_000800; NM_001144892; NM_001144934; NM_001144935; NM_001257205;
	NM_001257206; NM_001257207; NM_001257208; NM_001257209; NM_001257210; NM_001257211; NM_001257212; NM_033136; NM_033137; NM_001354955; NM_001354956; NM_001354957; NM_001354958; NM_001354959; NM_001354961; NM_001354963; NM_001354964; NM_001354951; NM_001354952; NM_001354953; NM_001354954; NM_001354962
	NM_010197
NP_000791; NP_001138364; NP_001138406; NP_001138407; NP_001244134;
	NP_001244135; NP_001244136; NP_001244137; NP_001244138; NP_001244139; NP_001244140; NP_001244141; NP_149127; NP_149128; NP_001341884; NP_001341885; NP_001341886; NP_001341887; NP_001341888; NP_001341890; NP_001341892; NP_001341893; NP_001341880; NP_001341881; NP_001341882; NP_001341883; NP_001341891
	NP_034327
	Wikidata
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Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) also known as acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), is a growth factor and signaling protein encoded by the FGF1 gene. It is synthesized as a 155 amino acid polypeptide, whose mature form is a non-glycosylated 17-18 kDa protein. Fibroblast growth factor protein was first purified in 1975, but soon afterwards others using different conditions isolated acidic FGF, Heparin-binding growth factor-1, and Endothelial cell growth factor-1. Gene sequencing revealed that this group was actually the same growth factor and that FGF1 was a member of a family of FGF proteins.

FGF-1 has no definitive signal sequence and thus is not secreted through classical pathways, but it does appear to form a disulfide linked dimer inside cells that associate with a complex of proteins at the cell membrane (including S100A13 and Syt1) which then help flip it through the membrane to the exterior of the cell. Once in the reducing conditions of the surrounding tissue, the dimer dissociates into monomeric FGF1 that can enter systemic circulation or be sequestered in tissues binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix. FGF1 can then bind to and exert its effects via specific fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) proteins which themselves constitute a family of closely related molecules.

In addition to its extracellular activity, FGF1 can also function intracellularly. The protein has a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) but the route that FGF1 takes to get to the nucleus is unclear and it appears that some sort of cell surface receptor binding is necessary, followed by its internalization and translocation to the nucleus whereupon it can interact with nuclear isoforms of FGFRs. This is different from FGF2 which also can activate nuclear FGFRs but has splicing variants of the protein that never leave the cell and go directly to the nucleus.