Francis of Assisi
Francis of Assisi | |
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A painting of Saint Francis by Philip Fruytiers | |
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| Born | Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone 1181 Assisi, Duchy of Spoleto, Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | 3 October 1226 (aged approximately 44 years) Assisi, Umbria, Papal States |
| Venerated in | |
| Canonized | 16 July 1228, Assisi, Papal States by Pope Gregory IX |
| Major shrine | Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi |
| Feast | 4 October |
| Attributes | Franciscan habit, birds, animals, stigmata, crucifix, book and a skull |
| Patronage | Franciscan Order; poor people; ecology; animals; stowaways; merchants; Aguada, Puerto Rico; Naga, Cebu; Buhi, Camarines Sur; Balamban, Cebu; Dumanjug, Cebu; General Trias, Cavite and Italy |
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Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone (c. 1181 – 3 October 1226), known as Francis of Assisi, was an Italian mystic, poet and Catholic friar who founded the religious order of the Franciscans. Inspired to lead a Christian life of poverty, he became a beggar and itinerant preacher.
One of the most venerated figures in Christianity, Francis was canonized by Pope Gregory IX on 16 July 1228. He is commonly portrayed wearing a brown habit with a rope tied around his waist, featuring three knots symbolizing the evangelical counsels of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
In 1219, he went to Egypt in an attempt to convert the sultan al-Kamil and put an end to the conflict of the Fifth Crusade. In 1223, he arranged for the first live nativity scene as part of the annual Christmas celebration in Greccio. According to Christian tradition, in 1224 Francis received the stigmata during the apparition of a Seraphic angel in a religious ecstasy.
Francis is associated with patronage of animals and the environment. It became customary for churches to hold ceremonies blessing animals on his feast day of the fourth of October, which became World Animal Day. He was noted for his devotion to the Eucharist. Along with Catherine of Siena, he was designated patron saint of Italy. He is also the namesake of the city of San Francisco.
September 17 is the feast of Francis' stigmatization.