GNGT2

GNGT2
Identifiers
Aliases	GNGT2, G-GAMMA-8, G-GAMMA-C, GNG8, GNG9, GNGT8, G protein subunit gamma transducin 2, HG3I
External IDs	OMIM: 139391; MGI: 893584; HomoloGene: 11325; GeneCards: GNGT2; OMA:GNGT2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (human)
End	49,210,574 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)
End	95,736,560 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	granulocyte; ; monocyte; ; spleen; ; lymph node; ; blood; ; appendix; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; smooth muscle tissue; ; right lung; ; gallbladder;
	Top expressed in
	neural layer of retina; ; granulocyte; ; thymus; ; yolk sac; ; embryo; ; right kidney; ; spleen; ; muscle of thigh; ; interventricular septum; ; esophagus;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	signal transducer activity; GTPase activity; G-protein beta-subunit binding;
Cellular component	heterotrimeric G-protein complex; plasma membrane; membrane; G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex;
Biological process	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; signal transduction; phototransduction;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2793
	14710
	ENSG00000167083
	ENSMUSG00000038811
	O14610
	Q61017
	NM_001198754; NM_001198755; NM_001198756; NM_031498
	NM_001038664; NM_001284393; NM_001284397; NM_023121
	NP_001185683; NP_001185684; NP_001185685; NP_113686
	NP_001033753; NP_001271322; NP_001271326; NP_075610
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 is a signalling protein protein that in humans and vertebrates is encoded by the GNGT2 gene. Either GNGT1 or GNGT2 is the gamma subunit of the G_βγ part of transducin (written G(T) or G_t), a heterotrimeric G-protein naturally expressed in vertebrate retina rod and cone cell of the eye, where it is thought to play a crucial role in phototransduction. GNGT2 only occurs in cone cells, and GNGT1 only occurs in rod cells.

As the gamma subunit (G_γ) of three different families of G proteins (G(I)/G_i, G(S)/G_s and G(O)G_o), GNGT2 is expressed in at least 23 tissues and other cell types, including monocytes of the vertebrate innate immune system, where at increased levels it has been shown to be a potential prognostic marker for some types of cancer, including esophageal cancer.

Several transcript variants encoding the GNGT2 protein have been found for the GNGT2 gene. There is evidence for use of multiple polyadenylation sites by this gene.