History of Peru (1980–2000)
Republic of Peru República del Perú | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980–2000 | |||||||||
| Motto: "Firme y feliz por la unión" (Spanish) "Firm and Happy for the Union" | |||||||||
| Anthem: "Himno Nacional del Perú" (Spanish) "National Anthem of Peru" | |||||||||
| Capital | Lima | ||||||||
| Common languages | Spanish (official) | ||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Peruvian | ||||||||
| Government | Unitary presidential republic | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1980–1985 | Fernando Belaúnde | ||||||||
• 1985–1990 | Alan García | ||||||||
• 1990–2000 | Alberto Fujimori | ||||||||
| Legislature | National Congress | ||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War and aftermath | ||||||||
| 1978–1979 | |||||||||
| 17 May 1980 | |||||||||
| 18 May 1980 | |||||||||
| Jan–Feb 1981 | |||||||||
| 14 April 1985 | |||||||||
| April–June 1990 | |||||||||
| 5 April 1992 | |||||||||
| 12 September 1992 | |||||||||
| Jan–Feb 1995 | |||||||||
| 1996–1997 | |||||||||
| 22 April 1997 | |||||||||
| 26–28 July 2000 | |||||||||
• Fall of Fujimori | 22 November 2000 | ||||||||
| Currency | Nuevo sol Inti (1985–1991) Sol de oro (until 1985) | ||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | PE | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| History of Peru |
|---|
| Peru portal |
The history of Peru between 1980 and 2000 corresponds to the period following the general elections that put an end to the twelve-year military dictatorship that ruled the country since 1968, with Fernando Belaúnde taking office in 1980. The following decade became known as the "lost decade" after the economic stagnation the country experienced, followed by hyperinflation at the end of the decade.
What became known as the Peruvian conflict began almost simultaneously with the election, as a ballot burning incident in Chuschi. This was followed by skirmishes and attacks against civilians and military personnel, carried out by the Shining Path (led by Abimael Guzmán) and the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (led by Víctor Polay Campos). This violent period conflict would continue for twenty years. The subsequent democratic governments of Fernando Belaúnde and Alan García were unable to respond adequately to these subversive groups, but, by the mid-1990s, during the government of Alberto Fujimori, the former was dismantled with the capture of its leader and the leadership of the terrorist organization by the Special Intelligence Group.
In 1992, Alberto Fujimori dissolved Congress and carried out a self-coup. As a result, his regime became a civil dictatorship known as the Fujimorato. This government characterised by the implementation of neoliberal policies ended in mid-2000, amid great popular rejection and strong accusations of corruption. After Fujimori left for Japan, a transitional government headed by Valentín Paniagua was established.