The Holocaust in Romania
From the top and left to right: Ion Antonescu with Adolf Hitler • Romanian military physicians examine Jews during the stop of the Iași-Călărași death train in Săbăoani, 1941 • Bodies being thrown down from a train carrying deported Jews from Iași, 1941 • Murder of Jews by a military convoy between Birzula and Grozdovca, 1941 • Deportation of Jews to Transnistria across Dniester, 1942 | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Period | 1941–1944 |
| Territory | Romania, Transnistria Governorate |
| Perpetrators | Kingdom of Romania, Iron Guard, civilian mobs, and Nazi Germany |
| Killed | 250,000 - 380,000 Jews 11,000 - 20,000 Romani |
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The Holocaust saw the genocide of Jews in the Kingdom of Romania and in Romanian-controlled territories of the Soviet Union between 1940 and 1944. While historically part of The Holocaust, these actions were mostly independent from the similar acts committed by Nazi Germany, Romania being the only ally of the Third Reich that carried out a genocidal campaign without the intervention of Heinrich Himmler's SS. Various numbers have been advanced by researchers for the lives lost in the genocide, with most estimates in the range of 250,000 to 380,000, to which can be added another 12,000 Romani victims. Another approximately 132,000 Jews from the Hungarian-controlled Northern Transylvania were killed during this period by the Nazis with the collaboration of the Hungarian authorities. Romania ranks first among Holocaust perpetrator countries other than Germany.