Indigenous peoples in Colombia

Indigenous Colombians (Spanish: Colombianos indigenas), also known as Native Colombians (Spanish: Colombianos nativos), are the ethnic groups who have inhabited Colombia before the Spanish colonization of Colombia, in the early 16th century.

Estimates on the percentage of Colombians who are indigenous vary, from 3% or 1.5 million to 10% or 5 million. According to the 2018 Colombian census, they comprise 4.4% of the country's population, belonging to 115 different tribes, up from 3.4% in the 2005 Colombian census. However, a Latinobarómetro survey from the same year found that 10.4% of Colombian respondents self-identified as indigenous. The most recent estimation of the number of indigenous peoples of Colombia places it at around 9.5% of the population. This places that Colombia as having the seventh highest percentage of Indigenous peoples in the Americas with Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Peru, and Panama having a higher estimated percentage of Indigenous peoples than Colombia. The percentage of Indigenous peoples has been growing since an all-time low of 1965, where it was estimated only 1% of Colombians were indigenous.

Approximately two thirds of the registered Indigenous peoples live in La Guajira, Cauca, Nariño, Córdoba and Sucre Departments. The Amazon basin, a sparsely populated region, is home to over 70 different Indigenous ethnic groups.

Both historically and in recent times, they have been subjected to violence and oppression, ranging from land theft to massacres to the targeted killings of Indigenous activists and politicians.