Jiaqing Emperor

Jiaqing Emperor
Jiaqing Emperor
Traditional Chinese	嘉慶帝
Simplified Chinese	嘉庆帝
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Jiāqìng Dì
Wade–Giles	Chia1-ch'ing4 Ti4
IPA	[tɕjátɕʰîŋ tî]

Names
	Aisin-Gioro Yongyan (愛新覺羅·顒琰); Manchu: Yong yan (ᠶᠣᠩ ᠶᠠᠨ)
Era dates
	Jiaqing (嘉慶): 9 February 1796 – 2 February 1821; Manchu: Saicungga fengšen (ᠰᠠᡳᠴᡠᠩᡤᠠ ᡶᡝᠩᡧᡝᠨ); Mongolian: Сайшаалт ерөөлт (ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠦ)
Posthumous name
	Emperor Shoutian Xingyun Fuhua Suiyou Chongwen Jingwu Guangyu Xiaogong Qinjian Duanmin Yingzhe Rui (受天興運敷化綏猷崇文經武光裕孝恭勤儉端敏英哲睿皇帝); Manchu: Sunggiyen hūwangdi (ᠰᡠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ ; ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ)
Temple name
	Renzong (仁宗); Manchu: Žindzung (ᡰᡳᠨᡯᡠᠩ)

Jiaqing Emperor
嘉慶帝
Jiaqing Emperor; 嘉慶帝
Emperor of the Qing dynasty
Reign	9 February 1796 – 2 September 1820
Predecessor	Qianlong Emperor
Successor	Daoguang Emperor
Regent	Qianlong Emperor (1796–1799)
Prince Jia of the First Rank
Tenure	1789 – 9 February 1796
Born	13 November 1760; Imperial Gardens, Beijing
Died	2 September 1820 (aged 59); Mountain Estate, Jehol
Burial	Chang Mausoleum, Western Qing tombs
Consorts	; Empress Xiaoshurui (m. 1774; died 1797) Empress Xiaoherui (m. 1790)
Issue	Daoguang Emperor; Miankai, Prince Dunke of the First Rank; Mianxin, Prince Ruihuai of the First Rank; Mianyu, Prince Huiduan of the First Rank; Princess Zhuangjing of the Second Rank; Princess Zhuangjing of the First Rank;
Names
Names
	Aisin-Gioro Yongyan (愛新覺羅·顒琰); Manchu: Yong yan (ᠶᠣᠩ ᠶᠠᠨ)
Era dates
	Jiaqing (嘉慶): 9 February 1796 – 2 February 1821; Manchu: Saicungga fengšen (ᠰᠠᡳᠴᡠᠩᡤᠠ ᡶᡝᠩᡧᡝᠨ); Mongolian: Сайшаалт ерөөлт (ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠦ)
Posthumous name
	Emperor Shoutian Xingyun Fuhua Suiyou Chongwen Jingwu Guangyu Xiaogong Qinjian Duanmin Yingzhe Rui (受天興運敷化綏猷崇文經武光裕孝恭勤儉端敏英哲睿皇帝); Manchu: Sunggiyen hūwangdi (ᠰᡠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ ; ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ)
Temple name
	Renzong (仁宗); Manchu: Žindzung (ᡰᡳᠨᡯᡠᠩ)
House	Aisin-Gioro
Dynasty	Qing
Father	Qianlong Emperor
Mother	Empress Xiaoyichun
Seal

The Jiaqing Emperor (13 November 1760 – 2 September 1820), also known by his temple name Emperor Renzong of Qing, personal name Yongyan, was the sixth emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. He was the 15th son of the Qianlong Emperor. During his reign, he prosecuted Heshen, the corrupt favorite of his father and attempted to restore order within the empire while curbing the smuggling of opium into China. Assessments of his reign are mixed, either seen as the "beginning of the end" of the Qing dynasty, or as a period of moderate reform that presaged the intellectual movements of the 1860s.