List of representations of e

mathematical constant $e$
Part of a series of articles on the

Properties
Natural logarithm Exponential function
Applications
compound interest Euler's identity Euler's formula half-lives exponential growth and decay
Defining $e$
proof that $e$ is irrational representations of $e$ Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem
People
John Napier Leonhard Euler
Related topics
Schanuel's conjecture

The mathematical constant $e$ can be represented in a variety of ways as a real number. Since $e$ is an irrational number (see proof that e is irrational), it cannot be represented as the quotient of two integers, but it can be represented as a continued fraction. Using calculus, $e$ may also be represented as an infinite series, infinite product, or other types of limit of a sequence.