Nader Shah's invasion of India

Afsharid invasion of India
Part of the Naderian Wars

Representation of Nader Shah at the sack of Delhi
Date10 May 1738 – 16 May 1739 (1738-05-10 1739-05-16) (1 year and 6 days)
Location
Result Persian victory
Territorial
changes
Nader Shah annexes all lands west of the Indus river and establishes hegemony over the region
Belligerents

Afsharid Iran

Mughal Empire

Commanders and leaders
Nader Shah
Morteza Mirza Afshar
Ahmad Shah Abdali
Heraclius II of Georgia
Muhammad Shah
Zakariya Khan Bahadur
Asaf Jah I
Saadat Ali Khan I

In May 1738, Nader Shah, the ruler of Iran (1736–1747) and the founder of the Afsharid dynasty, invaded Northern India, eventually attacking Delhi in March 1739. His army easily defeated the Mughals at the Battle of Karnal and then occupied the Mughal capital.

Nader Shah's victory against the weak and crumbling Mughal Empire in the far east meant that he could afford to turn back and resume war against Persia's archrival, the neighbouring Ottoman Empire, as well as launch further campaigns in the North Caucasus and Central Asia.

The loss of the Mughal treasury, which was carried back to Persia, dealt the final blow to the effective power of the Mughal Empire in India.