Nilo Peçanha

His Excellency
Nilo Peçanha
His Excellency Nilo Peçanha
	Official portrait, 1909
7th President of Brazil
	In office; 14 June 1909 – 15 November 1910
Vice President	None
Preceded by	Afonso Pena
Succeeded by	Hermes da Fonseca
5th Vice President of Brazil
	In office; 15 November 1906 – 14 June 1909
President	Afonso Pena
Preceded by	Afonso Pena
Succeeded by	Venceslau Brás
President
Executive offices
Minister of External Relations
	In office; 7 May 1917 – 15 November 1918
President	Venceslau Brás
Preceded by	Lauro Müller
Succeeded by	Domício da Gama
President of Rio de Janeiro
	In office; 31 December 1914 – 7 May 1917
Vice President	Francisco Guimarães; Agnelo Collet; Leite Pinto;
Preceded by	Oliveira Botelho
Succeeded by	Francisco Guimarães
	In office; 31 December 1903 – 1 November 1906
Vice President	Oliveira Botelho; Alves de Oliveira; Marcondes Machado;
Preceded by	Quintino Bocaiuva
Succeeded by	Oliveira Botelho
Preceded by
Legislative offices
Senator for Rio de Janeiro
	In office; 3 May 1921 – 31 March 1924
Preceded by	Almeida Batista
Succeeded by	Joaquim Moreira
	In office; 3 May 1912 – 31 December 1914
Preceded by	Oliveira Figueiredo
Succeeded by	Miguel de Carvalho
	In office; 3 May 1903 – 29 December 1903
Preceded by	Rangel Pestana
Succeeded by	Oliveira Figueiredo
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
	In office; 18 November 1890 – 30 December 1902
Constituency	Rio de Janeiro
Personal details
Born	2 October 1867; Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Empire of Brazil
Died	31 March 1924 (aged 56); Rio de Janeiro, Federal District, Brazil
Political party	Rio Republican Party
Spouse	Anita de Castro Belisário de Sousa (m. 1895)
Children	3
Alma mater	Faculty of Law of Recife
Signature

Nilo Procópio Peçanha (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈnilu pɾoˈkɔpju peˈsɐɲɐ]; 2 October 1867 – 31 March 1924) was a Brazilian politician who served as the seventh president of Brazil. He was governor of Rio de Janeiro (1903–1906), then elected the fifth vice president of Brazil in 1906. He assumed the presidency in 1909 following the death of President Afonso Pena and served until 1910.

Despite controversies involving his racial identity, Peçanha is frequently considered as Brazil's first Afro-Brazilian president.