Non-exhaust emissions

Non-exhaust emissions come from wearing down motor vehicle brake pads, tires, roads themselves, and unsettling of particles on the road. This particulate matter is made up of micrometre-sized particles and causes negative health effects, including respiratory disease and cancer. Very fine particulate matter has been linked to cardiovascular disease. Multiple epidemiological studies have demonstrated that particulate matter exposure is associated with acute respiratory infections, lung cancer, and chronic respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Researchers have also found correlations between exposure to fine particulate matter and fatality rates in previous coronavirus epidemics.

Studies have shown that non-exhaust emissions of particles from vehicles can be greater than particles due to exhaust.

The European Commission expects that "by 2050 non-exhaust emissions will constitute up to 90% of all particles emitted by road transport".

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