Northumberland and Durham District Bank

The Northumberland and Durham District Bank was a joint stock bank created in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, in 1836, which operated across the north-east of England. It was the area's largest such bank in its period, but failed in 1857 and was liquidated at enormous cost to its shareholders between then and 1865. A modern analysis of the bank's failure suggests the cause of its collapse was its own thorough incompetence, rather than an exogenous shock such as a monetary panic or bank run.