P2RX7

P2RX7
Identifiers
Aliases	P2RX7, P2X7, purinergic receptor P2X 7
External IDs	OMIM: 602566; MGI: 1339957; HomoloGene: 1925; GeneCards: P2RX7; OMA:P2RX7 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)
End	121,188,032 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (mouse)
End	122,829,495 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	inferior ganglion of vagus nerve; ; endothelial cell; ; corpus callosum; ; monocyte; ; subthalamic nucleus; ; superior vestibular nucleus; ; ventral tegmental area; ; globus pallidus; ; internal globus pallidus; ; optic nerve;
	Top expressed in
	right ventricle; ; perirhinal cortex; ; lip; ; esophagus; ; entorhinal cortex; ; choroid plexus of fourth ventricle; ; dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell; ; lumbar subsegment of spinal cord; ; embryo; ; primary visual cortex;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	signaling receptor binding; ATP binding; lipopolysaccharide binding; purinergic nucleotide receptor activity; protein homodimerization activity; channel activity; protein binding; ion channel activity; extracellularly ATP-gated cation channel activity; signaling receptor activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; membrane; cell-cell junction; synapse; integral component of membrane; neuromuscular junction; plasma membrane; soma; bleb; integral component of nuclear inner membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; presynapse; external side of plasma membrane; postsynapse;
Biological process	cellular response to extracellular stimulus; positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol; regulation of sodium ion transport; NAD transport; response to zinc ion; positive regulation of catalytic activity; response to organic substance; phospholipid transfer to membrane; T cell homeostasis; positive regulation of cytolysis; protein phosphorylation; cell surface receptor signaling pathway; membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis; phospholipid translocation; positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production; apoptotic signaling pathway; positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion; calcium ion transport; defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; synaptic vesicle exocytosis; ceramide biosynthetic process; response to mechanical stimulus; ion transport; reactive oxygen species metabolic process; phagolysosome assembly; regulation of killing of cells of other organism; positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion; positive regulation of interleukin-6 production; inflammatory response; plasma membrane organization; positive regulation of ion transmembrane transport; positive regulation of MAPK cascade; negative regulation of bone resorption; release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol; cell volume homeostasis; cytolysis; plasma membrane phospholipid scrambling; positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process; positive regulation of bone mineralization; skeletal system morphogenesis; cellular response to organic cyclic compound; membrane depolarization; mitochondrion organization; positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity; bleb assembly; collagen metabolic process; negative regulation of cell volume; pore complex assembly; response to electrical stimulus; cation transport; positive regulation of ossification; cation transmembrane transport; response to fluid shear stress; response to calcium ion; response to lipopolysaccharide; positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization; vesicle budding from membrane; negative regulation of MAPK cascade; positive regulation of protein secretion; homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue; sensory perception of pain; positive regulation of bleb assembly; response to ATP; gene expression; response to bacterium; response to organic cyclic compound; programmed cell death; protein processing; cellular response to dsRNA; T cell proliferation; positive regulation of gene expression; protein complex oligomerization; positive regulation of glutamate secretion; cell morphogenesis; positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization; positive regulation of apoptotic process; positive regulation of glycolytic process; purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway; blood coagulation; excitatory postsynaptic potential; protein catabolic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	5027
	18439
	ENSG00000089041
	ENSMUSG00000029468
	Q99572
	Q9Z1M0
	NM_002562; NM_177427
	NM_001038839; NM_001038845; NM_001038887; NM_001284402; NM_011027
	NP_002553
	NP_001033928; NP_001033934; NP_001033976; NP_001271331; NP_035157
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

P2X purinoceptor 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX7 gene.

The product of this gene belongs to the family of purinoceptors for ATP. Multiple alternatively spliced variants which would encode different isoforms have been identified although some fit nonsense-mediated decay criteria.

The receptor is found in the central and peripheral nervous systems, in microglia, in macrophages, in uterine endometrium, and in the retina. The P2X₇ receptor also serves as a pattern recognition receptor for extracellular ATP-mediated apoptotic cell death, regulation of receptor trafficking, mast cell degranulation, and inflammation. Regarding inflammation, P2X7 receptor induces the NLRP3 inflammasome in myeloid cells and leads to interleukin-1beta release.

Purinergic signalling
Part of a series on
Simplified illustration of extracellular purinergic signalling
Concepts
Purinergic signalling Receptors Pannexins Ectonucleotidases Metabolism
Membrane transporters
Nucleoside transporters Concentrative Equilibrative