Portal:Oceans

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Icebergs broken off from glaciers in northern Baffin Bay, Cape York, Greenland
A panorama of Zanzibar, Tanzania, particularly the Stone Town, taken from the Indian Ocean
Orca (Orcinus orca) hunting a Weddell seal in the Southern Ocean
A surfer in the Pacific Ocean at the 2010 Mavericks competition, village of Princeton-by-the-Sea, northern California
A view of the Southern Ocean from Great Ocean Road, Port Campbell, Princetown, Victoria, Australia
A view of Myrtos Beach and the Ionian Sea, Cephalonia, Ionian Islands, Greece
Satellite view of the Pacific Ocean and the main windward Hawaiian Islands
A view of the South China Sea, Bacuit Archipelago, municipality of El Nido, Palawan, Philippines
A view of Filfla and the Mediterranean Sea. Filfla is a small, mostly barren, uninhabited islet 4.5 kilometres (2.8 miles) south of Malta.
Caesio teres in the South Pacific Ocean in Fiji
A mother sperm whale and her calf in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Mauritius
Clouds over the Southern Ocean, with continent labels
A sea anemone in the Pacific Ocean, Baja California, Mexico

The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of Earth. The ocean is conventionally divided into large bodies of water, which are also referred to as oceans (the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic/Southern, and Arctic Ocean), and are themselves mostly divided into seas, gulfs and subsequent bodies of water. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water and is the primary component of Earth's hydrosphere, acting as a huge reservoir of heat for Earth's energy budget, as well as for its carbon cycle and water cycle, forming the basis for climate and weather patterns worldwide. The ocean is essential to life on Earth, harbouring most of Earth's animals and protist life, originating photosynthesis and therefore Earth's atmospheric oxygen, still supplying half of it. (Full article...)

A sea is a large body of salt water. There are particular seas and the sea. The sea commonly refers to the ocean, the interconnected body of seawaters that spans most of Earth. Particular seas are either marginal seas, second-order sections of the oceanic sea (e.g. the Mediterranean Sea), or certain large, nearly landlocked bodies of water. (Full article...)

Oceanography (from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) 'ocean' and γραφή (graphḗ) 'writing'), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean, including its physics, chemistry, biology, and geology. (Full article...)

Read more about oceans...
Read more about the sea...
Read more about oceanography...

Bathymetry of the Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico (Spanish: Golfo de México) is an oceanic basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, mostly surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north, and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States; on the southwest and south by the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán, and Quintana Roo; and on the southeast by Cuba. The coastal areas along the Southern U.S. states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, which border the Gulf on the north, are occasionally referred to as the "Third Coast" of the United States (in addition to its Atlantic and Pacific coasts), but more often as "the Gulf Coast".

The Gulf of Mexico took shape about 300 million years ago (mya) as a result of plate tectonics. The Gulf of Mexico basin is roughly oval and is about 810 nautical miles (1,500 kilometers; 930 miles) wide. Its floor consists of sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Straits of Florida between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean Sea via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. Because of its narrow connection to the Atlantic Ocean, the gulf has very small tidal ranges. (Full article...)

List of selected articles

The color of the sea snail Simnia spelta varies, but when it grazes on the white gorgonian it mimics the twigs.

A sculpture of the god Neptune on one of the parapets of the University of Washington's Gerberding Hall represents the academic disciplines of oceanography and fisheries science.

After sinking the British ocean liner SS Dwinsk in June 1918, the German submarine U-151 remained in the area and used the survivors in seven lifeboats as a lure in order to try and sink additional Allied ships.

edit tasks

Here are some tasks awaiting attention:

Article requests : List of oceanographers, create a comprehensive article on Concentrations of marine debris out of all the gyre and "garbage patch" articles
Copyedit : Draft:Terrance (octopus)
Expand : Coral Sea, Endeavour Strait, Greenland Sea, Solomon Sea
Photo : find images for Category:Wikipedia requested photographs in the oceans
Stubs : Oceanography stub articles, Marine geography stub articles, Aleutian Trench, Bellingshausen Sea, Caernarfon Bay, Gerlache Strait, Gulf of Oman, Iceland Sea, Draft:Terrance (octopus)
Update : Botany Bay, Wilkins Sound, Mariana Trench, Challenger Deep
Verify : Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Bering Sea, Gulf of Aden, Iceberg B-15, Ionian Sea, Japan Trench, Moreton Bay, Sound (geography), Timor Sea
Other : add ISBNs and remove excessive or inappropriate external links from Aral Sea; check La Belle (ship) for GA status; improve citations or footnotes and remove excessive or inappropriate external links from MS Estonia

The following are images from various ocean-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Distribution of the major water mass in the Arctic Ocean. The section sketches the different water masses along a vertical section from Bering Strait over the geographic North Pole to Fram Strait. As the stratification is stable, deeper water masses are denser than the layers above. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 2Air pollution in South Asia spread over the Bay of Bengal and beyond. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 3James Weddell's second expedition in 1823, depicting the brig Jane and the cutter Beaufroy (from Southern Ocean)
Image 4Sunset over the Pacific Ocean as seen from the International Space Station. Tops of thunderclouds are also visible. (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 5Tarawa Atoll in Kiribati (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 6Impact of El Niño and La Niña on North America (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 7In the subpolar gyre of the North Atlantic warm subtropical waters are transformed into colder subpolar and polar waters. In the Labrador Sea this water flows back to the subtropical gyre. (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 8Excavation of the Ertebølle middens in 1880 (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 9Location of the Southern Ocean gyres (from Southern Ocean)
Image 10Banks of the northeast Atlantic (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 111928 delineation (from Southern Ocean)
Image 12Manganese nodule (from Southern Ocean)
Image 13Model of a Fijian drua, an example of an Austronesian vessel with a double-canoe (catamaran) hull and a crab claw sail (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 14An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) map of the Pacific which excludes non-tropical islands. (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 15The Atlantic Gyres influenced the Portuguese discoveries and trading port routes, here shown in the India Run ("Carreira da Índia"), which would be developed in subsequent years. (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 16MS Explorer in Antarctica in January 1999. She sank on 23 November 2007 after hitting an iceberg. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 17Sea cover in the Arctic Ocean, showing the median, 2005 and 2007 coverage (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 18Density structure of the upper 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in the Arctic Ocean. Profiles of temperature and salinity for the Amundsen Basin, the Canadian Basin and the Greenland Sea are sketched. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 19Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are a keystone species of the food web. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 20The Andaman Negritos are thought to be the first inhabitants of the Andaman Islands, having emigrated from the mainland tens of thousands of years ago. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 21Universalis Cosmographia, also known as the Waldseemüller map, dated 1507, was the first map to show the Americas separating two distinct oceans. South America was generally considered the New World and shows the name "America" for the first time, after Amerigo Vespucci (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 22Cod fishery in Norway (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 23A map of Australia's official interpretation of the names and limits of oceans and seas around Australia (from Southern Ocean)
Image 24The Aethiopian Ocean depicted in a 1710 French map of Africa (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 25Capture of Atlantic northwest cod in million tons (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 26Embarked and disembarked slaves in the Atlantic slave trade 1525–1863 (first and last slave voyages) (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 27The three major cultural areas of the Pacific Ocean islands: Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 28A female warty squid (Moroteuthis ingens) (from Southern Ocean)
Image 29Pacific Ocean currents have created three islands of debris. (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 30Thule archaeological site (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 31Typhoon Tip at global peak intensity on 12 October 1979 (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 32According to the Coastal hypothesis, modern humans spread from Africa along the northern rim of the Indian Ocean. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 33Bahama Banks (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 34Severe cracks in an ice pier in use for four seasons at McMurdo Station slowed cargo operations in 1983 and proved a safety hazard. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 35Banks of the northwest Atlantic (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 36The Austronesian maritime trade network was the first trade routes in the Indian Ocean. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 37Path of the thermohaline circulation. Purple paths represent deep-water currents, while blue paths represent surface currents.
Image 38Admiral von Bellingshausen (from Southern Ocean)
Image 39The International Hydrographic Organization's delineation of the "Southern Ocean" has moved steadily southward since the original 1928 edition of its Limits of Oceans and Seas. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 40An iceberg being pushed out of a shipping lane by (L to R) USS Burton Island, USS Atka, and USS Glacier near McMurdo Station, Antarctica, 1965 (from Southern Ocean)
Image 41Agulhas Bank (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 42Walruses on Arctic ice floe (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 43Sunset in Monterey County, California, U.S. (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 44The economically important Silk Road was blocked from Europe by the Ottoman Empire in c. 1453 with the fall of the Byzantine Empire. This spurred exploration, and a new sea route around Africa was found, triggering the Age of Discovery. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 45A bathymetric/topographic map of the Arctic Ocean and the surrounding lands. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 46Regional Working Group zones for SOOS (from Southern Ocean)
Image 47The Arctic Ocean, with borders as delineated by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), including Hudson Bay (some of which is south of 57°N latitude, off the map) and all other marginal seas. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 48"Southern Ocean" as alternative to the Aethiopian Ocean, 18th century (from Southern Ocean)
Image 49Decrease of old Arctic Sea ice 1982–2007 (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 50The Arctic region showing the Northeast Passage, the Northern Sea Route within it, and the Northwest Passage via Canadian Inland Waters. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 51The 1564 Typus Orbis Terrarum, a map by Abraham Ortelius, showed the imagined link between the proposed continent of Antarctica and South America. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 521937 delineation (from Southern Ocean)
Image 53A stratovolcano in Ulawun on the island of New Britain in Papua New Guinea (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 54A Chagossian on Diego Garcia in 1971, before the British expelled the islanders. He spoke a French-based creole language and his ancestors were likely brought as slaves in the 19th century. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 55"Terres Australes" [sic] label without any charted landmass (from Southern Ocean)
Image 56Malé's population has increased from 20,000 people in 1987 to more than 220,000 people in 2020. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 57An adult and sub-adult Minke whale are dragged aboard the Japanese whaling vessel Nisshin Maru. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 58The Kennedy Channel. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 59The Antarctic Ocean, as delineated by the draft 4th edition of the International Hydrographic Organization's Limits of Oceans and Seas (2002) (from Southern Ocean)
Image 60Emanuel Bowen's 1780s map of the Arctic features a "Northern Ocean". (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 61Based on the medieval Íslendingasögur sagas, including the Grœnlendinga saga, this interpretative map of the "Norse World" shows that Norse knowledge of the Americas and the Atlantic remained limited. (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 62In 2020, Japanese Prime Minister Suga declined to drink the bottle of Fukushima's treated radioactive water that he was holding, which would otherwise be discharged to the Pacific. (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 63Made in 1529, the Diogo Ribeiro map was the first to show the Pacific at about its proper size (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 64The Arctic region; of note, the region's southerly border on this map is depicted by a red isotherm, with all territory to the north having an average temperature of less than 10 °C (50 °F) in July. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 65A wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) on South Georgia (from Southern Ocean)
Image 66Major ocean trade routes in the world include the northern Indian Ocean. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 67On the sea ice of the Arctic Ocean temporary logistic stations may be installed, Here, a Twin Otter is refueled on the pack ice at 86°N, 76°43‘W. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 68Three polar bears approach USS Honolulu near the North Pole. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 69The British invasion of Isle de France on 29 November 1810 during the Napoleonic Wars (from Indian Ocean)
Image 70Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1702–1707 (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 71Minke whale (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 72Aldabra giant tortoise from the islands of the Aldabra Atoll in the Seychelles (from Indian Ocean)
Image 73During summer, warm continental masses draw moist air from the Indian Ocean hence producing heavy rainfall. The process is reversed during winter, resulting in dry conditions. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 74The island geography of the Pacific Ocean Basin (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 75A Ring of Fire; the Pacific is ringed by many volcanoes and oceanic trenches. This map does not show the Cascadia subduction zone along part of the west coast of North America, whose trench is completely buried in sediments. (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 76For most of the 16th century, the Portuguese dominated the Indian Ocean trade. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 77Greco-Roman trade with ancient India according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 1st century CE (from Indian Ocean)
Image 78Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars taking over Tahiti on 9 September 1842 (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 79Orca (Orcinus orca) hunting a Weddell seal in the Southern Ocean (from Southern Ocean)
Image 80As the Gulf Stream meanders across the North Atlantic from the North American east coast to Western Europe its temperature drops by 20 °C (36 °F).
Image 81The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is the strongest current system in the world oceans, linking the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific basins. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 82Famous official portrait of Captain James Cook who proved that waters encompassed the southern latitudes of the globe. "He holds his own chart of the Southern Ocean on the table and his right hand points to the east coast of Australia on it." (from Southern Ocean)
Image 83A general delineation of the Antarctic Convergence, sometimes used by scientists as the demarcation of the Southern Ocean (from Southern Ocean)
Image 84Waves in the trade winds in the Atlantic Ocean – areas of converging winds that move along the same track as the prevailing wind – create instabilities in the atmosphere that may lead to the formation of hurricanes.
Image 85Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1754. (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 86Area inside the black line indicates the area constituting the Pacific Ocean prior to 2002; darker blue areas are its informal current borders following the recreation of the Southern Ocean and the reinclusion of marginal seas. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 87Mombasa Port on Kenya's Indian Ocean coast (from Indian Ocean)
Image 88
Upwelling in the Southern Ocean
(from Southern Ocean)
Image 89Map showing the migration of the Austronesian peoples (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 90A copepod (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 911911 South Polar Regions exploration map (from Southern Ocean)
Image 92Mount St. Helens in Skamania County, Washington, U.S. in 2020 (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 93Seas that are parts of the Southern Ocean (from Southern Ocean)
Image 94False color map of ocean depth in the Atlantic basin (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 95USS Vincennes at Disappointment Bay, Antarctica in early 1840 (from Southern Ocean)
Image 96Fish of the Notothenioidei suborder, such as this young icefish, are mostly restricted to the Antarctic and Subantarctic. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 97Frank Hurley: As time wore on it became more and more evident that the ship was doomed (Endurance trapped in pack ice), National Library of Australia. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 98Marine debris strewn over the beaches of the South Atlantic Inaccessible Island (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 99Iceberg A22A in the South Atlantic Ocean (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 100Coral reefs of the Maldives (from Indian Ocean)
Image 101Portrait of Edmund Halley by Godfrey Kneller (before 1721) (from Southern Ocean)
Image 102Maris Pacifici by Ortelius (1589). One of the first printed maps to show the Pacific Ocean (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 103Continents and islands of the Southern Ocean (from Southern Ocean)
Image 104Madagascar's elephant bird, Mauritius's dodo bird and ostrich (from left to right) (from Indian Ocean)
Image 105Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) are the most southerly of Antarctic mammals. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 106Marine debris on a Hawaiian coast in 2008 (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 107The bathyscaphe Trieste before her record dive to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, 23 January 1960 (from Pacific Ocean)

11 June 2025 – Mediterranean Sea migrant smuggling: At least eight migrants are found dead and 22 others are missing as the United Nations International Organization for Migration and the Djiboutian government launch a joint rescue operation after migrants were forced off a boat and forced to swim to shore off the coast of Djibouti. (AP)
8 June 2025 – 2025 San Diego Cessna 414 crash: All six occupants are killed after a Cessna 414 crashed into the ocean off the coast of Point Loma after takeoff from San Diego International Airport in San Diego, California, United States. (CBS News)
5 June 2025 – Mediterranean Sea migrant smuggling, Sudanese refugee crisis: The Freedom Flotilla, a flotilla carrying humanitarian aid en route to Gaza with Swedish activist Greta Thunberg, Irish actor Liam Cunningham, and French European Parliament member Rima Hassan, rescue four Sudanese civil war refugees from a dinghy near Libya. (The Times of Israel) (The Print)
28 May 2025 – Red Sea crisis: Israel says it launched airstrikes against targets in Houthi-controlled Yemen, destroying the last operational plane of Yemenia Airlines at Sanaa International Airport. (Reuters)
16 May 2025 – Red Sea crisis: The Israeli Air Force launches airstrikes on the ports of Hudaydah and Salif in Houthi-controlled Yemen, as prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu and defense minister Israel Katz warn that if the Houthis persist in attacking Israel, their leader Abdul-Malik al-Houthi will be directly targeted. (Al Arabiya)

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Do you have a question about oceans, seas or oceanography that you can't find the answer to? Consider asking it at the Wikipedia reference desk.

World Ocean Database and World Ocean Atlas Series – from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Includes the World Ocean Atlas.
European Atlas of the Seas – the European Atlas of the Seas, from the European Commission
NOAA Research – NOAA research news, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR)
Ocean Research – from The World Ocean Observatory
Ocean Biodiversity Information System – "a global open-access data and information clearing-house on marine biodiversity for science, conservation and sustainable development"

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