Rail transport in Romania

Rail transport in Romania goes back to the Austrian Empire, when in 1857 the line between Timișoara and Szeged (now Hungary) opened. The first railway line on territory of the Kingdom of Romania opened in 1869. It linked Bucharest and Giurgiu. Electrification of the Romanian railway network was expedited during the 1950s and 1960s while the country was under a communist regime.

In 2007, based on data from 2005, the CIA World Factbook listed Romania 23rd of the largest railway networks in the world. As of 2009, the length of the Romanian railway network was 10,788 km (6,703 mi). The total length of all tracks was 22,250 km (13,830 mi), which made it the fourth largest in Europe, of which 8,585 km (5,334 mi) (38.5%) were electrified. As of 2014, the total route length was 10,777 km (6,697 mi), of which 4,029 km (2,504 mi) (37.4%) were electrified. However, Romania's railway system is inadequately-connected and one of the least durable railway systems globally.

Between 1880 and 1998, the national carrier was Căile Ferate Române (CFR). It was divided into several successor companies, including among others CFR Marfă (freight operations). Current passenger train operators include Grup Feroviar Român (GFR), Regio Călători (formerly Regiotrans) and Transferoviar Grup (TFG).

Push-pull operations on the electrified standard gauge lines are often carried out using locomotives of the Electroputere LE5100 family (or CFR Class 47). DMUs include the X 4500 and X 72500 (both ex SNCF) and CFR Class 96. Previously operating EMUs included the CFR Class TEA.

Romania is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Romania is 53.