Rocket Lab Electron

Electron
Electron launching TROPICS in 2023
FunctionSmall-lift launch vehicle
ManufacturerRocket Lab
Country of originNew Zealand
United States
Project costUS$100 million
Cost per launchAbout US$7.5 million
Size
Height18 m (59 ft)
Diameter1.2 m (3 ft 11 in)
Mass13.0 t (28,700 lb)
Stages2–3
Capacity
Payload to LEO
Mass
  • Original: 225 kg (496 lb)
  • Updated: 320 kg (710 lb)
Payload to SSO
Mass
  • Original: 150 kg (330 lb)
  • Updated: 200 kg (440 lb)
Associated rockets
Comparable
Launch history
StatusActive
Launch sites
Total launches66
Success(es)62
Failure(s)4
First flight25 May 2017
Last flight11 June 2025
First stage
Height12.1 m (40 ft)
Diameter1.2 m (3 ft 11 in)
Powered by9 × Rutherford
Maximum thrustSL: 224.3 kN (50,400 lbf)
vac: 234 kN (53,000 lbf)
Specific impulse311 s (3.05 km/s)
PropellantRP-1/LOX
Second stage
Height2.4 m (7 ft 10 in)
Diameter1.2 m (3 ft 11 in)
Powered by1 × Rutherford
Maximum thrust25.8 kN (5,800 lbf)
Specific impulse343 s (3.36 km/s)
PropellantRP-1/LOX
Kick stage (optional) – Photon
Powered by1 × Curie
Maximum thrust0.12 kN (27 lbf)
PropellantViscous liquid monopropellant (AP, Al, Polydimethylsiloxane)
Kick stage (optional) – Photon (modified)
Powered by1 × HyperCurie
Maximum thrust0.4 kN (90 lbf)
Specific impulse310 s (3.0 km/s)
Propellantunspecified hypergolic bi-propellant

Electron is a two-stage, partially reusable orbital launch vehicle developed by Rocket Lab, an American aerospace company with a wholly owned New Zealand subsidiary. Servicing the commercial small satellite launch market, it is the third most launched small-lift launch vehicle in history. Its Rutherford engines are the first electric-pump-fed engine to power an orbital-class rocket. Electron is often flown with a kickstage or Rocket Lab's Photon spacecraft. Although the rocket was designed to be expendable, Rocket Lab has recovered the first stage twice and is working towards the capability of reusing the booster. The Flight 26 (F26) booster has featured the first helicopter catch recovery attempt. Rocket Lab has, however, abandoned the idea of catching Electron.

In December 2016, Electron completed flight qualification. The first rocket was launched on 25 May 2017, reaching space but not achieving orbit due to a glitch in communication equipment on the ground. During its second flight on 21 January 2018, Electron reached orbit and deployed three CubeSats. The first commercial launch of Electron, and the third launch overall, occurred on 11 November 2018. Since then, Electron has launched successfully 62 times, with an additional 4 failures, for a grand total of 66 launches.