Roman Republic (1849–1850)
Roman Republic | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1849–1850 | |||||||||||
| Motto: Dio e Popolo God and People | |||||||||||
| Anthem: Il Canto degli Italiani (Italian) "The Song of the Italians" | |||||||||||
| Status | Unrecognized state | ||||||||||
| Capital | Rome | ||||||||||
| Official languages | Italian French | ||||||||||
| Recognised regional languages | German | ||||||||||
| Common languages | Italian | ||||||||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||||||||
| Government | Directorial parliamentary republic | ||||||||||
| Triumvirate | |||||||||||
• 1849 | |||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
• Election | 21 January 1849 | ||||||||||
• Established | 9 February 1849 | ||||||||||
• Invasion | 25 April 1849 | ||||||||||
• Disestablished | 2 July 1850 | ||||||||||
| Currency | Roman scudo | ||||||||||
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| Today part of | |||||||||||
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The Roman Republic (Italian: Repubblica Romana) was a short-lived state declared on 9 February 1849, when the government of the Papal States was temporarily replaced by a republican government due to Pope Pius IX's departure to Gaeta. The republic was led by Carlo Armellini, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Aurelio Saffi. Together they formed a triumvirate, a reflection of a form of government during the first century BC crisis of the Roman Republic.
One of the major innovations the Republic hoped to achieve was enshrined in its constitution: freedom of religion, with Pope Pius IX and his successors guaranteed the right to govern the Catholic Church. These religious freedoms were quite different from the situation under the preceding government, which allowed only Catholicism and Judaism to be practised by its citizens. The Constitution of the Roman Republic was the first in the world to abolish capital punishment in its constitutional law.