Polish–Russian War (1654–1667)

Polish–Russian War (1654–1667)
	Part of a series of Polish–Russian wars
	Clockwise from top left: Trubetsky's massacre; The siege of Lyakhavichy by Russian troops (1660); Battle between the Cossack polkovnik Ivan Bohun (right) and the Polish nobleman Stefan Czarniecki (left); Departure of Tsar Alexei to inspect the troops (1664); The siege of Stavishche by Polish troops (1664);
Date	1654–1667
Location	Europe: Eastern Borderlands of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Result	Russian victory; (Truce of Andrusovo)
Territorial; changes	Russia gains control of left-bank Ukraine, Kiev and Smolensk.
Belligerents
Tsardom of Russia; Cossack Hetmanate	Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth; Crimean Khanate; Cossack Hetmanate (1658–1659, 1660–1667 in Right-bank Ukraine); Duchy of Prussia (1654–1656)
Commanders and leaders
Aleksey Trubetskoy; Bohdan Khmelnytsky; Yurii Khmelnytsky; Ivan Bohun †; Ivan Sirko; Vasily Sheremetev (POW); Vasiliy Buturlin; Ivan Khovansky; Yuri Dolgorukov; Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin; Yakov Cherkassky # †	Stefan Czarniecki (DOW); Wincenty Gosiewski; John II Casimir; Stanisław Lanckoroński; Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski; Michał Kazimierz Pac; Aleksander Hilary Połubiński; Stanisław Rewera Potocki; Janusz Radziwiłł; Paweł Jan Sapieha; Ivan Vyhovsky †; Pavlo Teteria, ; Petro Doroshenko

The Polish–Russian War of 1654–1667 was a major conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Between 1655 and 1660, the Swedish invasion was also fought in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and so the period became known as "The Deluge".

The Commonwealth initially suffered defeats, but it regained its ground and won several decisive battles. However, its plundered economy was not able to fund the long conflict. Facing internal crisis and civil war, the Commonwealth was forced to sign a truce. The war ended with significant Russian territorial gains and marked the beginning of the rise of Russia as a great power in Eastern Europe.