Suphannabhum
Suphannabhum Kingdom | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 913 – 1438 | |||||||||||||||||
Location of Suphanburi, the center of Suphannabhum (red pog), and the preceding Mueang Uthong (blue pog) | |||||||||||||||||
The present map of Suphan Buri shows the old moat on the west side of the city-state of Suphannabhum. The eastern moat has been destroyed. Its total size before the formation of Ayutthaya Kingdom was 1900x3600 meters and it straddled the Tha Chin River in a north-south direction. | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital | Suphanburi | ||||||||||||||||
| Monarch | |||||||||||||||||
• 877–? (first) | Phansa | ||||||||||||||||
• 1408–1424 (last) | Chao Ai Phraya | ||||||||||||||||
| Historical era | Post-classical era | ||||||||||||||||
• Under Nakhon Pathom | 877–913 | ||||||||||||||||
• Independent | 913 | ||||||||||||||||
• Lavo seized Suphannabhum | 928/929 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1052 | |||||||||||||||||
• Tributary of Sukhothai | 1283–1298 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1351 | |||||||||||||||||
• Claimed Ayutthaya throne | 1370 | ||||||||||||||||
• Lost Ayutthaya to Lavo | 1388 | ||||||||||||||||
• Reclaimed Ayutthaya | 1424 | ||||||||||||||||
• Annexed to Ayutthaya | 1438 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1569 | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| Today part of | Thailand | ||||||||||||||||
Suphannabhum or Suvarnabhumi; later known as Suphan Buri (Thai: สุพรรณภูมิ or สุพรรณบุรี) was a Siamese city-state, that emerged in the early "Siam proper" which stretched from present-day west central Thailand to the north of the Kra Isthmus, with key historical sites at Uthong,: 4–6 Nakhon Pathom,: 140 Suphan Buri,: 40 and Ban Don Ta Phet. The kingdom is referred to as Xiān in the Chinese records since 1349,: 40 but according to the archaeological evidence in Suphan Buri, it was speculated to have emerged around the mid-12th century.: 276–7 However, a calculation made by Borihan Thepthani based on the information provided in the Northern Chronicle says that the city of Suphan Buri was founded in 877 and became a free city-state after Nakhon Pathom of Kamalanka fell to Phetchaburi in 913.: 67
Suphannabhum became the center of Xiān, succeeding Phip Phli, no later than 1349, when Xiān was defeated by Luó hú (Lavo) and the tribute sent to China under the name of Xiānluó hú (Siam-Lavo or Ayutthaya Kingdom) was led by Xiān's King of Su-men-bang, in which Su-men-bang has been identified with Suphanburi.: 40 Since then, it was one of the states under the mandala confederatin of Ayutthaya Kingdom and was completely merged to the Ayutthaya in 1438.: 282 However, modern scholars suggest Xiān mentioned in the Chinese and Đại Việt sources since the 11th century potentially was Ayodhya, a polity that later known as the Ayutthaya Kingdom (Xiānluó hú or Xiānluó) in the mid-14th century.
Under the name of Xiānluó hú or Xiānluó, the state performed 41 tributary missions to the Chinese court during the Hongwu era, 33 in the name of Xiānluó hú and as Xiānluó for the remaining.: 40 : 70 In the era of Ankorian king Jayavarman VII (r.1181–1218), an inscription called Prasat Phra Khan (จารึกปราสาทพระขรรค์) was made. Among others, the name Suvarnapura is mentioned, which has been identified with Suphanburi.
Modern scholars believe Suphannabhum was Chen Li Fu mentioned in the Chinese Sung Hui Yao Kao in 1200 and 1205.: 1