Third Republic of Korea
Republic of Korea 대한민국 大韓民國 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1963–1972 | |||||||||
| Anthem: 애국가 "Aegukga" | |||||||||
| National seal "국새" | |||||||||
| Capital | Seoul | ||||||||
| Common languages | Korean | ||||||||
| Government | Unitary presidential republic under a totalitarian military dictatorship | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1963–1972 | Park Chung Hee | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||
• 1963–1964 | Choi Tu-son | ||||||||
• 1964–1970 | Chung Il-kwon | ||||||||
• 1970–1971 | Baek Du-jin | ||||||||
• 1971–1972 | Kim Jong-pil | ||||||||
| Legislature | National Assembly | ||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | ||||||||
• Established | 17 December 1963 | ||||||||
| 21 November 1972 | |||||||||
| Currency | won | ||||||||
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| Today part of | South Korea | ||||||||
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| History of South Korea |
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| South Korea portal |
The Third Republic of Korea (Korean: 제3공화국; RR: Je sam gonghwaguk; lit. "Third Republic") was the government of South Korea from 17 December 1963 to 21 November 1972. The Third Republic was founded on the dissolution of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction that overthrew the Second Republic and established a military government in May 1961. Park Chung Hee, the Chairman of the Supreme Council, was elected President of South Korea in the 1963 presidential election.
The Third Republic was presented as a return to civilian government under the National Assembly but in practice was a dictatorship under Park, Supreme Council members, and the Democratic Republican Party. The Third Republic prioritized South Korea's economic development, anti-communism, and strengthening ties with the United States and Japan.
Park was re-elected in the 1967 presidential election, and the National Assembly passed a constitutional amendment to allow him to seek a third term, and he was re-elected in the 1971 presidential election. Park declared a state of emergency in December 1971 and announced plans for Korean reunification in a joint communique with North Korea in July 1972. Park launched the October Restoration in October 1972, declaring martial law, dissolving the National Assembly, and announced plans for a new constitution. The Third Republic was dissolved on approval of the Yushin Constitution in the November 1972 constitutional referendum and replaced with the Fourth Republic of Korea.