Timeline of Artsakh history
This is a timeline of Artsakh's history, representing territorial control under three columns:
- Realm
The highest level of authority. - State
The state or administrative unit that the region of Artsakh belonged to. - Artsakh
Geopolitical entity in Artsakh proper (Mountainous Karabakh).
| Starting Date | Sovereign | State/Region | Artsakh Proper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 592 BC | Iran (Medes) | Unknown (Urtekhini?) | |
| 549 BC | Iran (Achaemenid dynasty) | ||
| 321 BC | |||
| 189 BC | |||
| Armenia (Artaxiad dynasty) | Province of Artsakh of the Kingdom of Armenia 189 BC to 387 AD | ||
| Sophene and Kingdom of Commagene – Tigranes the Great conquered these territories | |||
| 65 BC | Rome | (Artaxiad dynasty) Tigranes II of Armenia becomes a client king of Rome | |
| 53 BC | Persia (Arsacid dynasty) defeats Rome at the Battle of Carrhae | Armenia (Artaxiad dynasty) – Artavasdes II becomes king of Armenia. | |
| 36 BC | Rome | Mark Antony begins Parthian campaign Rebellion of King Zober of Albania defeated. | |
| 33 BC | Rome | Armenia (Artaxiad dynasty) | |
| 36 | Iran (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
| 47 | |||
| 51 | Iberia (Pharnavazid dynasty) | ||
| 58 | Armenia (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
| 62 | Iran (Arsacid dynasty) Parthians under Vologases I invade Armenia, unsuccessfully besiege Romans in Tigranocerta. | ||
| 63 | Rome: Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo invades Armenia and defeats Tiridates I, who accepts Roman sovereignty. Parthia withdraws. | ||
| 64 | Iran (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
| 114 | Rome | Roman Armenia Emperor Trajan defeats the Parthians and overruns Armenia | |
| 118 | Armenia (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
| 252 | Iran (Sassanian dynasty) | Armenia (Arsacid dynasty) | |
| 287 | Rome: Diocletian signs peace treaty with King Bahram II of Persia, installs the pro-Roman Arsacid Tiridates III as king in western Armenia. | ||
| 363 | Persia(Sassanian dynasty: Jovian cedes Corduene and Arzanene to Sassanids. | Corduene and Arzanene | |
| Albania (Mihranid dynasty) | |||
| 376 | Armenia (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
| 387 | Iran (Sassanian dynasty) | ||
| Albania (Mihranid dynasty) | with Sasanian help seizes from Armenia the entire right bank of the river Kura up to the river Araxes | includes Artsakh and Utik. | |
| Division of Greater Armenia between Persia and Byzantium | |||
| 654 | Arab Caliphate | Albania (Mihranid dynasty), | |
| 850 | Artsakh | ||
| 884 | Armenia (Bagratid dynasty) | Artsakh | |
| 1045 | Artsakh | ||
| 1063 | Seljuk Empire | Artsakh | |
| 1092 | Eldiguzids | ||
| 1124 | Georgia (Bagratid dynasty) | Eldiguzids | |
| 1201 | Armenia (Zakarid dynasty) | ||
| 1214 | Artsakh (Hasan-Jalalyan dynasty) | ||
| 1236 | Mongol Empire | ||
| 1256 | Ilkhanate | ||
| 1261 | Khachen (Hasan-Jalalyan dynasty) | ||
| 1360 | Karabakh | ||
| 1337 | Chobanids | ||
| 1357 | Jalayirids | ||
| 1375 | Kara Koyunlu | ||
| 1387 | Timurid Empire | ||
| 1409 | Kara Koyunlu | ||
| 1468 | Ak Koyunlu | ||
| 1501 | Iran (Safavid dynasty) | Province of Karabakh | Melikdoms of Karabakh (Khamsa) |
| 1583 | Ottoman Empire | ||
| 1603 | Iran (Safavid dynasty) | ||
| 1725 | |||
| 1736 | Iran (Afsharid dynasty) | ||
| 1747 | Karabakh Khanate | ||
| 1751 | Iran (Zand dynasty) | ||
| 1797 | Iran (Qajar dynasty) | ||
| 1805-05 | Russia (Romanov dynasty) | ||
| 1822 | |||
| 1846 | Shemakha Governorate | ||
| 1868 | Elisabethpol Governorate | ||
| 1917-11-11 | Transcaucasian Commissariat | ||
| 1918-04-22 | Transcaucasia | ||
| 28 May 1918 | First Republic of Armenia: Declaration of independence | Armenian rebels | |
| 1918-06-04 | |||
| 1918-07-27 | People's Government of Karabakh | ||
| 1918-09 | Ottoman Empire |
| |
| 1918-10-30 | British Empire | Mountainous Karabakh was placed under the jurisdiction of Azerbaijan until the final delimitation agreement would be reached at the Paris Peace Conference. | |
| 1919-08-22 | |||
| 1919-08-23 | |||
| 1920-03-04 | Azerbaijan |
| |
| 1920-04-09 |
| ||
| 1920-04-13 | |||
| 1920-04-22 | |||
| 1920-04-28 | |||
| 1920-05-12 | Red Army 11th Red Army advances into Armenia on 29 November 1920; transfer of power on 2 December in Yerevan. | Azerbaijan SSR |
|
| 1920-05-26 | The final status of Mountainous Karabakh was still being debated. | ||
| Dec. 1, 1920 | |||
| 1921-07-04 | |||
| 1922-03-12 | Azerbaijan SSR, | ||
| 1922-12-30 | Soviet Union | ||
| 1923-07-07 | Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast | ||
| 1936-12-05 | Azerbaijan SSR | ||
| 1991 | First Nagorno-Karabakh War
| ||
| 1991-04-30 | |||
| 1991-09-02 | |||
| 1991-11-26 | |||
| 1994-05-12 | De facto Artsakh, de jure Azerbaijan | ||
| 2020-09-27 | Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | ||
| 2020-11-10 |
Control over Nagorno-Karabakh is divided between Azerbaijan and Artsakh with Russian peacekeeping forces. Final status to be determined. | ||
| September 2023 – January 2024 |
Dissolution of the Republic of Artsakh due to the 2023 Azerbaijani Offensive, followed by a refugee crisis in which nearly the entire population fled to Armenia. | ||