Top-four primary

A final-four or final-five primary is an electoral system using a nonpartisan primary by multi-winner plurality in the first step.

The Final-Four Voting system was first proposed by businessmen Katherine Gehl and Michael Porter in a 2017 report entitled "Why Competition in the Politics Industry is Failing America". It was first advocated by FairVote in 2012. FairVote proposed a statutory model in 2015.

It was first used in the 2022 Alaska special election.

A top-four primary can be seen as a variation of a two-round system, in which the second round (general election) is always held, even if a candidate gains a majority in the first (primary) round. A candidate receiving 20% of the primary vote is logically guaranteed to pass a top-four primary. One variation, called Final Five Voting, allows five candidates to pass the open primary.

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