Yoldia Sea
| Evolution of the Baltic Sea |
|---|
| Pleistocene |
|
Eemian Sea (130,000–115,000 BCE) Ice sheets and seas (115,000–14,000 BCE) |
| Holocene |
|
Baltic Ice Lake (14,000–9,670 BCE) Yoldia Sea (9,670–8,750 BCE) Ancylus Lake (8,750–7,850 BCE) Mastogloia Sea (Initial Littorina Sea} (7,850–6,550 BCE) Littorina Sea (6,550–2,050 BCE) Modern Baltic Sea (2,050 BCE–present) |
| Sources. Dates are not BP. |
Yoldia Sea is a name given by geologists to a variable brackish water stage in the Baltic Sea basin that prevailed after the Baltic Ice Lake was drained to sea level during the Weichselian glaciation. Dates for the Yoldia sea are obtained mainly by radiocarbon dating material from ancient sediments and shore lines and from clay-varve chronology. Such dates tend to vary by as much as a thousand years in the literature, but were corrected in 2021 for the whole of the Holocene. The sea can not have existed before the final drainage to sea level of the Baltic Ice Lake in 11,620 cal. year BP.
Current rounded estimates are 11.7 to 10.7 ka BP equivalent to about 9,750–8,750 calendar years BCE. The sea ended gradually when isostatic rise of Scandinavia closed or nearly closed its effluents, altering the balance between saline and fresh water. The Yoldia Sea became Ancylus Lake. The Yoldia Sea stage had three phases of which only the middle phase had brackish water.
The name of the sea is adapted from the obsolete name of the bivalve, Portlandia arctica (previously known as Yoldia arctica), found around Stockholm. This bivalve requires cold saline water. It characterizes the middle phase of the Yoldia Sea, during which saline water poured into the Baltic, before the acceleration of glacial melting.