Bulgarian–Ottoman wars
| Bulgarian–Ottoman wars | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clockwise from right: Emperor Ivan Alexander, the remains of the Shumen fortress, Sultan Bayezid I | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
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Tsardom of Vidin Despotate of Dobruja Despotate of Lovech | Ottoman Empire | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Ivan Alexander Michael Asen IV of Bulgaria † Ivan Asen IV † Ivan Asen V † Ivan Shishman Ivan Sratsimir (POW) Dobrotitsa Fruzhin Constantine II of Bulgaria |
Murad I Bayezid I Lala Şahin Pasha Çandarli Ali Pasha Sarǎ Baba † Mehmed Çelebi Musa Çelebi | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Heavy | Heavy | ||||||||
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The Bulgarian–Ottoman wars were fought between the kingdoms remaining from the disintegrating Second Bulgarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire, in the second half of the 14th century. The wars resulted in the collapse and subordination of the Bulgarian Empire, and effectively came to an end with the Ottoman conquest of Tarnovo in July 1393, although other Bulgarian states held out slightly longer, such as the Tsardom of Vidin until 1396 and the Despotate of Dobruja until 1411. As a result of the wars the Ottoman Empire greatly expanded its territory on the Balkan peninsula, stretching from the Danube to the Aegean Sea.