Kumul Rebellion
| Kumul Rebellion | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Xinjiang Wars | ||||||||||
Turkic conscripts of the New 36th Division near Kumul | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
| Belligerents | ||||||||||
|
China Ma Clique Kumul Khanate Supported by: Mongolia (supporting only Kumul) Diplomatically supported by: Turkey |
Xinjiang clique White Movement Soviet Union |
East Turkestan Supported by: Japan United Kingdom Afghanistan | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | ||||||||||
|
Chiang Kai-Shek Ma Zhongying Ma Hushan Ma Zhancang Zhang Peiyuan † Huang Shaohong Yulbars Khan Khoja Niyas (Until July 1933) Kamal Efendi |
Jin Shuren |
Muhammad Amin Bughra | ||||||||
| Units involved | ||||||||||
|
|
| ||||||||
| Strength | ||||||||||
|
Around 10,000 Chinese Muslim cavalry and infantry 15,000 Chinese Several thousand Kumul Khanate loyalists | Several thousand White Russian soldiers and provincial Chinese troops, some Chinese Muslim troops | Thousands of Turkic Khotanlik Uyghur, Kirghiz rebels and Afghan volunteers | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | ||||||||||
| Thousands dead | Thousands dead | Thousands dead | ||||||||
The Kumul Rebellion (Chinese: 哈密暴動; pinyin: Hāmì bàodòng; lit. 'Hami Uprising') was a rebellion of Kumulik Uyghurs from 1931 to 1934 who conspired with Hui Chinese Muslim General Ma Zhongying to overthrow Jin Shuren, governor of Xinjiang. The Kumul Uyghurs were loyalists of the Kumul Khanate and wanted to restore the heir to the Khanate and overthrow Jin. The Kuomintang wanted Jin removed because of his ties to the Soviet Union, so it approved of the operation while pretending to acknowledge Jin as governor. The rebellion then catapulted into large-scale fighting as Khotanlik Uyghur rebels in southern Xinjiang started a separate rebellion for independence in collusion with Kirghiz rebels. The various groups of rebels were not united (some even fought each other). The main part of the war was waged by Ma Zhongying against the Xinjiang government. He was supported by Chiang Kai-shek, the Premier of China, who secretly agreed to let Ma seize Xinjiang.