MSH2

MSH2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2O8B, 2O8C, 2O8D, 2O8E, 2O8F, 3THW, 3THX, 3THY, 3THZ
Identifiers
Aliases	MSH2, mutS homolog 2, COCA1, FCC1, HNPCC, HNPCC1, LCFS2, hMMRCS2, MSH-2
External IDs	OMIM: 609309; MGI: 101816; HomoloGene: 210; GeneCards: MSH2; OMA:MSH2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (human)
End	47,663,146 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (mouse)
End	88,031,141 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	secondary oocyte; ; ventricular zone; ; ganglionic eminence; ; gonad; ; retinal pigment epithelium; ; testicle; ; middle frontal gyrus; ; Brodmann area 10; ; rectum; ; cerebellar hemisphere;
	Top expressed in
	primitive streak; ; saccule; ; epiblast; ; otic placode; ; otic vesicle; ; tail of embryo; ; somite; ; zygote; ; secondary oocyte; ; abdominal wall;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	DNA binding; nucleotide binding; protein homodimerization activity; mismatched DNA binding; dinucleotide insertion or deletion binding; ADP binding; centromeric DNA binding; oxidized purine DNA binding; single-stranded DNA binding; damaged DNA binding; ATPase activity; protein C-terminus binding; protein binding; single thymine insertion binding; four-way junction DNA binding; MutLalpha complex binding; enzyme binding; double-stranded DNA binding; dinucleotide repeat insertion binding; ATP binding; protein kinase binding; magnesium ion binding; single guanine insertion binding; guanine/thymine mispair binding; Y-form DNA binding; heteroduplex DNA loop binding; double-strand/single-strand DNA junction binding; ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNA; chromatin binding;
Cellular component	MutSbeta complex; membrane; MutSalpha complex; nucleoplasm; mismatch repair complex; nucleus; chromosome;
Biological process	negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process; germ cell development; male gonad development; postreplication repair; determination of adult lifespan; in utero embryonic development; cellular response to DNA damage stimulus; oxidative phosphorylation; maintenance of DNA repeat elements; positive regulation of helicase activity; somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments; intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage; negative regulation of DNA recombination; somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response; DNA mismatch repair; B cell differentiation; B cell mediated immunity; DNA repair; positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes; positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes; double-strand break repair; meiotic gene conversion; response to X-ray; response to UV-B; somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes; mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling; intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator; negative regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination; isotype switching; protein localization to chromatin; DNA recombination;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	4436
	17685
	ENSG00000095002
	ENSMUSG00000024151
	P43246
	P43247
	NM_000251; NM_001258281
	NM_008628
	NP_000242; NP_001245210
	NP_032654
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

DNA mismatch repair protein Msh2 also known as MutS homolog 2 or MSH2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSH2 gene, which is located on chromosome 2. MSH2 is a tumor suppressor gene and more specifically a caretaker gene that codes for a DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein, MSH2, which forms a heterodimer with MSH6 to make the human MutSα mismatch repair complex. It also dimerizes with MSH3 to form the MutSβ DNA repair complex. MSH2 is involved in many different forms of DNA repair, including transcription-coupled repair, homologous recombination, and base excision repair.

Mutations in the MSH2 gene are associated with microsatellite instability and some cancers, especially with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). At least 114 disease-causing mutations in this gene have been discovered.