Mueang Chaliang
Chaliang Kingdom | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 620s –1474 | |||||||||||||
Political entities in the Chao Phraya River Basin in the 7th century | |||||||||||||
Political entities in mainland Southeast Asia in 1180 CE | |||||||||||||
| Capital |
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| Monarch | |||||||||||||
• 620s | Satchanalai (first) | ||||||||||||
• 1157–1182 | Srinaonamthum | ||||||||||||
| Historical era | Post-classical era | ||||||||||||
• Early chiefdoms | Before 620s | ||||||||||||
| 927/928 | |||||||||||||
| Late 900s | |||||||||||||
• First mentioned in Chinese source | 1001 | ||||||||||||
• Formation of Sukhothai | 1238 | ||||||||||||
• Vassal of Ayutthaya | 1378–1462 | ||||||||||||
• Vassal of Lan Na | 1462–1474 | ||||||||||||
• Incorporated to Lan Na | 1474 | ||||||||||||
• Burmese rule over Lan Na | 1558–1775 | ||||||||||||
• Under Siam control | since 1776 | ||||||||||||
• Demoted to the city under Phitsanulok | 1894 | ||||||||||||
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| Today part of | Thailand | ||||||||||||
Chaliang (Thai: เชลียง, Chinese: 程良) or Sawankhalok, later known as Si Satchanalai, was a political entity in the upper Chao Phraya Valley in central Thailand. It was founded in the early 600s by uniting four regional chiefdoms,: 7 with Haritvanlee or Chaliang (นครหริตวัลลีย์) as the center, and became part of the Dvaravati's Lavo.: 32–33 In 1001, Chaliang was referred to as an independent kingdom Chéng Liáng in the Chinese text Song Shi.: 28 The term San-lo (三濼) mentioned in Lingwai Daida in 1178: 288, 290 plausibly referred to Chaliang's new center, Sawankhalok.: 8
After Haripuñjaya and Suphannabhum reclaimed Lavo from Angkor in 1052,: 532 Lavo's king, Phra Narai, moved the capital to Ayodhya in the 1080s and left the throne at Lavapura. The Mon-Tai dynasty of Chaliang took over and moved the seat southward to Lavo's former capital Lavapura; Chaliang then again became Lavapura's northern fortress.: 21 However, this dynasty later lost Lavapura to Angkor following the Angkorian influence-expanding campaign to the Menam Valley in 1181. During this era, this Mon-Tai dynasty also established royal intermarriages with the Siamese (Xiān) at Ayodhya. Their descendants, later known as the Uthong (Lavo) dynasty, continued to rule Ayodhya until the traditional formation of the Ayutthaya Kingdom in 1351.
In 1157/58, Chaliang was occupied by another Tai monarch from Chawa (ชวา, Muang Sua) or Nam Ou basin. This monarch, led by Srinaonamthum, expanded political influence to Sukhothai of Lavo: 4 in 1175. However, nobles of the Lavo faction revolted and recaptured Sukhothai in 1181, which caused Tai kings from Mueang Rad and Mueang Bang Yang to join forces and retake Sukhothai in 1238. This marked the formation of the Sukhothai Kingdom.: 4
During the Sukhothai era, Chaliang was comparable and equal to Sukhothai, in which both cities were the capitals.: 25–26 However, after the Sukhothai Kingdom became the vassal of Ayutthaya, Chaliang lost its political influence: 9–12 and was later demoted to the frontier city after Ayutthaya lost it to Lan Na in the 15th century.