Pagaruyung kingdom

Pagaruyung (Minangkabau: Karajaan Pagaruyuang, other name: Pagaruyung Dārul Qarār), also known as Pagarruyung, Pagar Ruyung and Malayapura or Malayupura, was a kingdom that once stood in the island of Sumatra and the seat of the Minangkabau kings of Western Sumatra. Modern Pagaruyung is a village in Tanjung Emas subdistrict, Tanah Datar regency, located near the town of Batusangkar, Indonesia.

Prior to its establishment, the kingdom was part of Malayapura, a kingdom that the Amoghapasa inscription mentions was ruled by Adityawarman, who established himself as the ruler of Bhumi Malayu (Suvarnabhumi). Also included in Malayapura were the kingdom of Dharmasraya and several other kingdoms or conquests of Adityawarman. The region gradually became Muslim throughout the 16th century and after. In the early 17th century, the kingdom was forced to recognise the sovereignty of the Sultanate of Aceh but rebelled in 1665, also Dutch influence and presence grew in the 17th century. In the early 19th century, turmoil erupted during the Padri War due to factional disputes and the state steadily declined.