Indonesian National Revolution

Indonesian National Revolution
	Part of the aftermath of World War II and the decolonisation of Asia
	; From top, left to right: Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta proclaimed Indonesian Independence on 17 August 1945. ; Indonesian soldiers in the streets, November 1949. ; Remains of the car of Brigadier Aubertin Walter Sothern Mallaby, where he was killed on 30 October 1945 during the Battle of Surabaya. ; A village near Bandung, where a number of houses were set on fire. Two Indonesian soldiers are visible on the left of the picture. ; Dutch forces during Operation Kraai, 1948. ; Queen Juliana of the Netherlands signing the Soevereiniteitsoverdracht (Transfer of Sovereignty) of Indonesia. ;
Date	17 August 1945 – 27 December 1949; (4 years, 4 months, 1 week and 3 days)
Location	Dutch East Indies (today Indonesia)
Result	Independence of Indonesia from the Netherlands; End of Dutch colonial empire rule over most parts of Indonesia, as the Dutch East Indies ceased to exist; Dutch recognition of the Indonesian independence in the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference; Formation of the United States of Indonesia; Creation of the Netherlands-Indonesia Union;
Territorial; changes	Netherlands cedes control of most territories of the Dutch East Indies to the United States of Indonesia
Belligerents
Commanders and leaders
Sukarno; Mohammad Hatta; Sudirman; Oerip Soemohardjo; Hamengkubuwono IX; Gatot Soebroto; A.H. Nasution; and others... S.M Kartosoewirjo; Amir Fatah; Musso ; A. Sjarifuddin ; D. N. Aidit	Louis Beel; Willem Drees; Hubertus van Mook; Simon Spoor; A.S. Pinke; Tony Lovink; A. Widjojoatmodjo; Raymond Westerling; Louis Mountbatten; A.W.S Mallaby †; Robert Mansergh; Philip Christison
Strength
Republican Army: 150,000; Youth volunteers: 100,000; Japanese volunteers: 903; Indian defectors: 600;	Netherlands: 220,000; United Kingdom: 45,000; Japan: 35,000;
Casualties and losses
Indonesia: (civilian and combatants): 97,421 (confirmed killed); 100,000 killed (highest estimate); Japanese volunteers: 531 killed; Indian defectors: 525 killed;	• Netherlands: 4,585 killed • United Kingdom: 980 killed • Japan: 1,293 killed • 5,500–20,000 Indo people and European civilians killed and 2,500 missing

The Indonesian National Revolution (Indonesian: Revolusi Nasional Indonesia), also known as the Indonesian War of Independence (Indonesian: Perang Kemerdekaan Indonesia, Dutch: Indonesische Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog), was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during postwar and postcolonial Indonesia. It took place between Indonesia's declaration of independence in 1945 and the Netherlands' transfer of sovereignty over the Dutch East Indies to the Republic of the United States of Indonesia at the end of 1949.

The four-year struggle involved sporadic but bloody armed conflict, internal Indonesian political and communal upheavals, and two major international diplomatic interventions. Dutch military forces (and, for a while, the forces of the World War II allies) were able to control the major towns, cities and industrial assets in Republican heartlands on Java and Sumatra but could not control the countryside. By 1949, international pressure on the Netherlands, the United States threatening to cut off all economic aid for World War II rebuilding efforts to the Netherlands and the partial military stalemate became such that the Netherlands transferred sovereignty over the Dutch East Indies to the Republic of the United States of Indonesia.

The revolution marked the end of the colonial administration of the Dutch East Indies, except for New Guinea. It also significantly changed ethnic castes as well as reducing the power of many of the local rulers (raja). It did not significantly improve the economic or political fortunes of the majority of the population, although a few Indonesians were able to gain a larger role in commerce.