Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island
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| Motto(s): | |
| Coordinates: 46°24′N 63°12′W / 46.400°N 63.200°W | |
| Country | Canada |
| Before confederation | Colony of Prince Edward Island |
| Confederation | July 1, 1873 (8th) |
| Capital (and largest city) | Charlottetown |
| Largest metro | Charlottetown |
| Government | |
| • Type | Parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
| • Lieutenant Governor | Wassim Salamoun |
| • Premier | Rob Lantz |
| Legislature | Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island |
| Federal representation | Parliament of Canada |
| House seats | 4 of 343 (1.2%) |
| Senate seats | 4 of 105 (3.8%) |
| Area | |
• Total | 5,660 km2 (2,190 sq mi) |
| • Land | 5,660 km2 (2,190 sq mi) |
| • Water | 0 km2 (0 sq mi) 0% |
| • Rank | 13th |
| 0.1% of Canada | |
| Population (2021) | |
• Total | 154,331 |
• Estimate (Q1 2025) | 179,280 |
| • Rank | 10th |
| • Density | 27.27/km2 (70.6/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | Prince Edward Islander, Islander (colloquial) |
| Official languages | English (de facto) |
| GDP | |
| • Rank | 10th |
| • Total (2017) | 6.652 billion |
| • Per capita | C$36,740 (13th) |
| HDI | |
| • HDI (2021) | 0.930 — Very high (4th) |
| Time zone | UTC-04:00 (Atlantic) |
| Canadian postal abbr. | PE |
| Postal code prefix | |
| ISO 3166 code | CA-PE |
| Flower | Pink lady's slipper |
| Tree | Red oak |
| Bird | Blue jay |
| Rankings include all provinces and territories | |
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Prince Edward Island is an island province of Canada. While it is the smallest province by land area and population, it is the most densely populated. The island has several nicknames: "Garden of the Gulf", "Birthplace of Confederation" and "Cradle of Confederation". Its capital and largest city is Charlottetown. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces.
Part of the traditional lands of the Mi'kmaq, it was colonized by the French in 1604 as part of the colony of Acadia. The island, known as Isle St-Jean (St. John's Island), was ceded to the British at the conclusion of the Seven Years' War in 1763 and became part of the colony of Nova Scotia. In 1769, St. John's Island became its own British colony and its name was changed to Prince Edward Island (PEI) in 1798. PEI hosted the Charlottetown Conference in 1864 to discuss a union of the Maritime provinces; however, the conference became the first in a series of meetings which led to Canadian Confederation on July 1, 1867. Prince Edward Island initially balked at Confederation but, facing bankruptcy from the Land Question and construction of a railroad, joined as Canada's seventh province on July 1, 1873.
According to Statistics Canada, the province of Prince Edward Island had 179,280 residents in 2025. The backbone of the island economy is farming; it produces 25% of Canada's potatoes. Other important industries include fisheries, tourism, aerospace, biotechnology, information technology and renewable energy. As Prince Edward Island is one of Canada's older settled areas, its population still reflects the origins of its earliest settlers, with Acadian, Scottish, Irish, and English surnames being dominant.
Prince Edward Island is located in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, about 10 km (6 miles) across the Northumberland Strait from both Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. It is about 200 kilometres (120 miles) north of Halifax and 600 kilometres (370 miles) east of Quebec City. It has a land area of 5,686.03 km2 (2,195.39 sq mi), is the 104th-largest island in the world and Canada's 23rd-largest island. It is the only Canadian province consisting entirely of islands.