Parliament of Independence (Circassia)
The Circassian Parliament Шъхьафитныгъэ Хасэ Şhafitnığə Xasə | |
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| Parliament of Circassia | |
Variant of the Circassian flag used by the Parliament | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
| History | |
| Founded | 13 June 1861 |
| Disbanded | 21 May 1864 |
| Preceded by | Tlepq Zefes (People's Council) |
| Leadership | |
Chairman | |
Abzakh Representative | Hasan Bish |
Shapsug Representative | Islam Thaushe |
Kabardian Representative | Aslan Besleniyiqo |
Other important members | Qarabatir Zanuqo (son of Sefer Bey Zanuqo) Ismail Braqiy Ibrahim Thaushe Muhammad Khusht Ipa Dziash Nafu Ahmad Ali Ibrahim-Ali |
| Structure | |
Political groups | Government |
| Elections | |
First election | 13 June 1861 |
Last election | 13 June 1861 |
| Motto | |
| Псэм ипэ напэ Psəm yipə napə "Honor before life" | |
| Meeting place | |
| Ş̂açə (Modern-day Sochi) (1861-1862) | |
| Mutıxwa (Modern-day Plastunki) (1862-1864) | |
| Qbaada (Modern-day Krasnaya Polyana) (1864) | |
| Part of a series on the |
| Circassians Адыгэхэр |
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List of notable Circassians Circassian genocide |
| Circassian diaspora |
| Circassian tribes |
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Surviving Destroyed or barely existing |
| Religion |
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Religion in Circassia |
| Languages and dialects |
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| History |
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Show |
| Culture |
The Circassian Parliament or the Circassian Majlis (Adyghe: Адыгэ Хасэ, romanized: Adıgə Xasə; also called the Great Parliament of Independence; Adyghe: Шъхьафитныгъэ Хасэшхо, romanized: Şhafitnığə Xasəşxo) was the legislature of Circassia officialized in 1861 after a meeting in Sochi attended by leaders of several Circassian provinces. A tribal confederation had existed before the parliament's establishment, but a centralized government was achieved only after it was built.
The parliament aimed to defend the western part of Circassia from Russian invasion, and to liberate the occupied Eastern Circassia from the Russian Empire during the Russian-Circassian War. It also sent delegates abroad to gain support for the Circassian struggle internationally. After the parliament was dissolved by Russian forces, some members sent a letter "A Petition from Circassian leaders to Her Majesty Queen Victoria" requesting humanitarian aid from the British Empire.