Emperor Xuanzong of Tang

Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
唐玄宗
Emperor of the Tang dynasty
Reign8 September 712 – 12 August 756
PredecessorEmperor Ruizong
SuccessorEmperor Suzong
Born8 September 685
Luoyang, Tang dynasty
Died3 May 762(762-05-03) (aged 76)
Chang'an, Tang dynasty
Consorts
IssueSee § Family
Names
Era dates
  • Xiantian (先天; 712–713)
  • Kaiyuan (開元; 713–741)
  • Tianbao (天寶; 742–756)
Regnal name
Emperor Kaiyuan Shengwen Shenwu (開元聖文神武皇帝)
Posthumous name
Emperor Zhidao Dasheng Daming Xiao (至道大聖大明孝皇帝)
Temple name
Xuanzong (玄宗)
HouseLi
DynastyTang
FatherEmperor Ruizong
MotherEmpress Zhaocheng
Signature
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
"Xuanzong of Tang" in Chinese characters
Chinese唐玄宗
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinTáng Xuánzōng
Wade–GilesT'ang2 Hsüan2-tsung1
IPA[tʰǎŋ ɕɥɛ̌n.tsʊ́ŋ]
Yue: Cantonese
JyutpingTong4 Jyun4-zung1
Middle Chinese
Middle Chinesedang ɦwen-tswong
Tang Minghuang
Chinese唐明皇
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinTáng Mínghuáng
Middle Chinese
Middle Chinesedang mjæng-ɦwang
Li Longji
Chinese李隆基
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinLǐ Lōngjī
Middle Chinese
Middle ChineselɨX lɨung-kɨ
Third alternative Chinese name
Chinese明皇帝
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinMíng Huángdì
Middle Chinese
Middle Chinesemjæng ɦwang-teiH
Li Sanlang
Chinese李三郎
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinLǐ Sānláng
Middle Chinese
Middle ChineselɨX sam-lang

Emperor Xuanzong of Tang ([ɕwǎn.tsʊ́ŋ]; 8 September 685 – 3 May 762), personal name Li Longji, was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, reigning from 712 to 756. His reign of 44 years was the longest during the Tang dynasty. Through two palace coups, he seized the throne and inherited an empire still in its golden age. He was initially assisted by capable chancellors like Yao Chong, Song Jing and Zhang Yue who were already serving as government officials before Xuanzong ascended the throne. However, under Emperor Xuanzong, the empire reached its turning point and went into sharp decline and near collapse, due to numerous political missteps throughout his long reign, such as over-trusting chancellors Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong and general An Lushan, with Tang's golden age ending in the An Lushan rebellion.