Khmelnytsky Uprising
| Khmelnytsky Uprising | |||||||||
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| Part of the Deluge | |||||||||
Entrance of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi to Kyiv in 1649 by 19th-century Ukrainian painter Mykola Ivasyuk | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
| First phase: | First phase: | ||||||||
Second phase:
| Second phase: | ||||||||
| Third phase: | Third phase: | ||||||||
| Pereyaslav phase: | Pereyaslav phase: | ||||||||
| Radnot phase: | Radnot phase:(indirectly) | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Bohdan Khmelnytsky # Tymofiy Khmelnytsky † Ivan Bohun Maksym Kryvonis † Ivan Sirko Ivan Zolotarenko † Anton Zhdanovych Matvei Sikorski İslâm III Giray Tugay Bey † Aleksander Kostka Napierski Vasile Lupu Alexis of Russia Gheorghe Ștefan (after Radnot) George II Rákóczi (after Radnot) |
John II Casimir Jeremi Wiśniowiecki # Marcin Kalinowski † Mikołaj Potocki # Stefan Potocki † Andrzej Potocki Piotr Potocki Stefan Czarniecki Matei Basarab Gheorghe Ștefan (till Radnot) George II Rákóczi (till Radnot) Mehmed IV Giray | ||||||||
| History of Ukraine |
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| Topics |
| Reference |
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The Khmelnytsky Uprising, also known as the Cossack–Polish War, Khmelnytsky insurrection, or the National Liberation War, was a Cossack rebellion that took place between 1648 and 1657 in the eastern territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which led to the creation of a Cossack Hetmanate in Ukraine. Under the command of hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the Zaporozhian Cossacks, allied with the Crimean Tatars and local Ukrainian peasantry, fought against Commonwealth's forces. The insurgency was accompanied by mass atrocities committed by Cossacks against prisoners of war and the civilian population, especially Poles, Jews and Roman Catholic and Ruthenian Uniate clergy, as well as savage reprisals by loyalist Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, the voivode of Ruthenian descent (military governor) of the Ruthenian Voivodeship.: 355
The uprising has a symbolic meaning in the history of Ukraine's relationship with Poland and Russia. It ended the Polish Catholic szlachta′s domination over the Ukrainian Orthodox population; at the same time, it led to the eventual incorporation of eastern Ukraine into the Tsardom of Russia initiated by the 1654 Pereiaslav Agreement, whereby the Cossacks would swear allegiance to the tsar while retaining a wide degree of autonomy. The event triggered a period of political turbulence and infighting in the Hetmanate known as the Ruin. The success of the anti-Polish rebellion, along with internal conflicts in Poland and concurrent invasions waged by Russia and Sweden against the Poles, ended the Polish Golden Age and caused a secular decline of Polish power during the period known as "the Deluge".
In Jewish history, the Uprising is known for the atrocities against the Jews who, in their capacity as leaseholders (arendators), were seen by the peasants as their immediate oppressors and became the subject of antisemitic violence. The Jews consider this event "the biggest national catastrophe since the destruction of Solomon's Temple."