Portal:Finland

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland has a population of 5.6 million, the majority being ethnic Finns. Its capital and largest city is Helsinki. The official languages are Finnish and Swedish, the mother tongues of 84.1 percent and 5.1 percent of the population, respectively. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. Its land is predominantly covered by boreal forest, with over 180,000 recorded lakes.

Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after the last Ice Age. During the Stone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by different styles of ceramics. The Bronze Age and Iron Ages were marked by contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. From the late 13th century, Finland became part of Sweden following the Northern Crusades. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland was captured from Sweden and became an autonomous grand duchy within the Russian Empire. During this period, Finnish art flourished and an independence movement gradually developed. Finland became the first territory in Europe to grant universal suffrage in 1906, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. (Full article...)

View of central Helsinki along Mannerheimintie

Helsinki (Swedish: Helsingfors) is the capital and most populous city in Finland. It is on the shore of the Gulf of Finland and is the seat of southern Finland's Uusimaa region. About 687,000 people live in the municipality, with 1.3 million in the capital region and 1.6 million in the metropolitan area. As the most populous urban area in Finland, it is the country's most significant centre for politics, education, finance, culture, and research. Helsinki is 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Tallinn, Estonia, 400 kilometres (250 mi) east of Stockholm, Sweden, and 300 kilometres (190 mi) west of Saint Petersburg, Russia. Helsinki has significant historical connections with these three cities.

Together with the cities of Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen—and surrounding commuter towns, including the neighbouring municipality of Sipoo to the east—Helsinki forms a metropolitan area. This area is often considered Finland's only metropolis and is the world's northernmost metropolitan area with over one million inhabitants. Additionally, it is the northernmost capital of an EU member state. Helsinki is the third-largest municipality in the Nordic countries, after Stockholm and Oslo. Its urban area is the third-largest in the Nordic countries, after Stockholm and Copenhagen. Helsinki Airport, in the neighbouring city of Vantaa, serves the city with frequent flights to numerous destinations in Europe, North America, and Asia. (Full article...)

List of selected articles

Photo credit: commons:User:Trainthh
Snow-covered landscape in Isokuru, Pyhä-Luosto National Park.

... that Finland won its first Olympic ice hockey medal under the leadership of Kai Hietarinta?
... that Kaija Saariaho's 2021 opera Innocence includes traditional Finnish cow-herding calls?
... that Matti Lehtinen, a baritone of the Finnish National Opera and professor of singing at the Sibelius Academy, was the voice of God at age 93?
... that politician Kalervo Kummola introduced karaoke to Finland?
... that records of transgender people in Finland stretch back to the 19th century?
... that Joe Wirkkunen coached the Finland men's national ice hockey team after receiving a recommendation from Canada?

You are invited to participate in Finland WikiProject, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about Finland.

...that according to Lapsiporno.info, a blacklist of websites compiled by the Finnish National Bureau of Investigation included those containing legal pornography?
...that Ismo Alanko Säätiö's accordionist Kimmo Pohjonen has been dubbed the "Jimi Hendrix of the accordion" by the Finnish music press?
...that the Christmas carol Personent hodie, first published in the 1582 Finnish song book Piae Cantiones, is thought to be a parody of a 12th-century carol?
...that Anssi Koivuranta is leading the 2008–09 Nordic Combined World Cup right now?
...that the Finnish tango is an established variation of the Argentine tango and one of the most enduring and popular music forms in Finland?

This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.

Helena Aalto (b. 1898) and Elli Vuokko (b. 1890) of the Turku Women's Guard, both executed in May 1918

All-female units of the paramilitary Red Guards served in the 1918 Finnish Civil War. The first Women's Guards units formed in early February in the main Finnish cities. More than 15 female Guards units were established by the end of March 1918, with a total of about 2,000 women serving. The female Guards units consisted of young industrial workers, maids, and servants. Their average age was about 20, but some were as young as 14. The women served in auxiliary units in combat.

By joining the Red Guards, women stepped out of their traditional role in Finnish society and were demonized by the Whites, the anti-Communist paramilitary. The Red commanders were reluctant to commit the female Guards units to battle and usually held them in reserve. Towards the end of the war, several saw combat. During the Battle of Tampere, the city hall was the last pocket of Red resistance; there is a legend that this was because while the male defenders wanted to capitulate, the Tampere Women's Red Guard insisted on fighting to the end. (Full article...)

List of Good articles

The following are images from various Finland-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1President Urho Kekkonen's funeral procession in 1986 (from History of Finland)
Image 2Erkki Karu, one of the pioneers of the Finnish cinema, with cinematographer Eino Kari in 1927 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 3Pekka Halonen's painting "against persecutors" from 1896 depicts the warfare of the ancient Finns. (from History of Finland)
Image 4Karjalanpiirakka, a traditional Finnish pastry (from Culture of Finland)
Image 5Helsinki Accords Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 6Finland Ostrobothnia regiment uniforms in 1705 (from History of Finland)
Image 7A triptych by Akseli Gallen-Kallela, depicting the Aino Story of Kalevala on three panes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 8In the sauna, by Pekka Halonen, 1925 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 9Paavo Nurmi at the 1920 Summer Olympics (from Culture of Finland)
Image 102007 Formula One World Champion Kimi Räikkönen celebrating victory at the 2007 Brazilian Grand Prix (from Culture of Finland)
Image 11A group of Finnish soldiers operating a Bofors gun during the Continuation War in 1943 (from History of Finland)
Image 12Signing the Helsinki Accords are the West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, East Germany's leader Erich Honecker, US president Gerald Ford and the Austrian chancellor Bruno Kreisky (from History of Finland)
Image 13Jussipaita (transl. Jussi sweater); a traditional sweater from the Finnish region of Southern Ostrobothnia (from Culture of Finland)
Image 14Captain Aarne Juutilainen at the front at Kollaa during the Winter War (from History of Finland)
Image 15The public education system founded during earlier Swedish rule resulted the literacy of Grand Duchy of Finland being higher than its host country Russian Empire (map of 1897 census literacy data) (from History of Finland)
Image 16Janne Ahonen is considered one of the best and most successful currently active ski jumpers. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 17Homann's map of the Scandinavian Peninsula and Fennoscandia with their surrounding territories: northern Germany, northern Poland, the Baltic region, Livonia, Belarus, and parts of Northwest Russia. Johann Baptist Homann (1664–1724) was a German geographer and cartographer; map dated around 1730. (from History of Finland)
Image 18Northern Europe in 814 (from History of Finland)
Image 19A summer cottage (mökki) on a lake island (from Culture of Finland)
Image 20Memorial of the Mannerheim Cross Knights of Parikkala, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 21Battle of Gangut (Hanko) was part of the Great Northern War during 1700–1721. (from History of Finland)
Image 22President K. J. Ståhlberg in his office in 1919 (from History of Finland)
Image 23The first government of independent Finland. P. E. Svinhufvud, the first Prime Minister of Finland, sitting at the head of the table. (from History of Finland)
Image 24(1809 Diet of Porvoo) The sovereign's pledge, printed in Finnish (from History of Finland)
Image 25Painting of Lalli killing Henry. Painting by C. A. Ekman. (from History of Finland)
Image 26Finnish folk dancers in a 1907 postcard sent from Mustamäki, Finland (from Culture of Finland)
Image 27Grand Duchy of Finland, 75 kopek assignat (1824) (from History of Finland)
Image 28In the middle is the patron saint of Finland, Saint Henry, on the right side of him is Bishop Konrad Bitz and on the left is Dean Magnus Stjernkors; from Missale Aboense (1488) (from History of Finland)
Image 29The Finno-Soviet Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 30The area of Finland in the years 1920–1940. The 1935 county and municipality division on the map. (from History of Finland)
Image 31An old drawing of the city of Turku in the 18th century (from History of Finland)
Image 32Lapua Movement supporters beating the "red officer" Eino Nieminen in front of the Vaasa courthouse during the 4 June 1930 riot. (from History of Finland)
Image 33A view of Pohjoisesplanadi in the center of Helsinki in 1891 (from History of Finland)
Image 34S/S Urania in Hanko harbor in 1893, with 509 emigrants on board on their way to America (from History of Finland)
Image 35Prehistoric red ochre painted rock art of moose, human figures, and boats in Astuvansalmi, Finland, from ca. 3800–2200 BC (from Culture of Finland)
Image 36A smoke sauna (savusauna) in Enonkoski (from Culture of Finland)
Image 37Linus Torvalds, a famous Fennoswede software engineer, best known for initiating the development of the Linux kernel (from Culture of Finland)
Image 38Women dressed in Finnish folk costumes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 39Turku Cathedral and its surroundings from 1814 (from History of Finland)
Image 40The ruins of Vammala burned by the Reds, during the Civil war (from History of Finland)
Image 41People gathered in the Senate Square for a demonstration against the February Manifesto in March 1899. (from History of Finland)
Image 42Mikael Agricola hands over the Finnish Translation of the New Testament to King Gustav Wasa. (from History of Finland)
Image 43Stone Age dwelling named Kierikki 5000–3000 BC (from History of Finland)
Image 44Badge of the Finnish White/Civil Guard (from History of Finland)
Image 45Identification document and tag of a Finnish war child (from History of Finland)
Image 46Apocalyptica's Perttu Kivilaakso playing metal music live (from Culture of Finland)
Image 47Women in sauna with Vihtas
Image 48Map of Finnish areas ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944, after the Continuation War (from History of Finland)
Image 49Battle of Valkeala was part of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790). (from History of Finland)
Image 50Imagery collage of Birger Jarl conquering Häme and the construction of Häme Castle (from History of Finland)
Image 51A peasant girl and a woman in traditional dress from Ruokolahti, eastern Finland, as depicted by Severin Falkman in 1882 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 52Kalmar Union in 1400s (from History of Finland)
Image 53Jean Sibelius at work in his study (from History of Finland)
Image 54Pieces of the Antrea Net (8,300 BC), the oldest-known fishing net in the world. (from History of Finland)
Image 55The area controlled by Finland at its largest, in 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 56Wehrmacht soldiers with a local Sámi reindeer herder, Lappland, Sodankylä, Finland 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 57Midsummer bonfire (kokko) in Mäntsälä (from Culture of Finland)
Image 58The Swedish empire at its largest. Most of present-day Finland was part of Sweden proper, rike, shown in dark green. (from History of Finland)
Image 59Kastelli Giant's Church in Pattijoki by Pöljä culture (from History of Finland)
Image 60A reconstruction of a 12th-century Perniö costume (from History of Finland)
Image 61This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, geographical atlas of the Russian Empire. (from History of Finland)
Image 62The part of Finland controlled by the Reds at its largest in February–March 1918 (from History of Finland)
Image 63The Finnish composer Jean Sibelius (1865–1957), a significant figure in the history of classical music (from Culture of Finland)
Image 64Portrait of Finnish poet Elias Lönnrot who wrote "the Kalevala" (1802 - 1884) (from History of Finland)
Image 65Stone Age stone axe engraved with human face found from Kiuruvesi. (from History of Finland)
Image 66Winter War Monument in Suomussalmi, Kainuu, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 67Alvar Aalto, Viipuri Library (1927–35) (from Culture of Finland)
Image 68Finnish Guards' Rifle Battalion, 1850s (from History of Finland)
Image 69Students on Helsinki's Esplanadi wearing their caps on Vappu (from Culture of Finland)
Image 70The decision of the Soviet of the People's Comissars' to recognise Finnish independence, signed by Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Grigory Petrovsky, Joseph Stalin, Isaac Steinberg, Vladimir Karelin, and Alexander Schlichter (from History of Finland)
Image 71Eero Järnefelt, Burning the Brushwood, 1893 (from History of Finland)
Image 72Sámi family in traditional costumes from Finland. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 73Three Finnish Romani women in Helsinki, Finland, in 1930s (from Culture of Finland)
Image 74In 2011 figure skater Kiira Korpi was ranked 4th in the world. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 75Marshal of Finland Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim visit in Germany, 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 76Ancylus Lake covered major part of Finland (7,500–6,000 BC) (from History of Finland)
Image 77Kreeta Haapasalo Playing the Kantele in a Peasant Cottage (1868), by Robert Wilhelm Ekman (from History of Finland)

19 June 2025 –: The Finnish Parliament votes 155–18 to withdraw from the Ottawa Treaty, which bans the use of anti-personnel mines, citing the threat Russia poses to its national security. (Reuters) (Helsingin Sanomat)
21 May 2025 – Foreign relations of Israel: More than a dozen governments condemn the Israeli military firing in the direction of a diplomatic delegation with representatives from 31 countries including Belgium, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, the European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and Uruguay. (The Guardian) (Al Jazeera)
20 May 2025 –: Three students are injured in a mass stabbing attack at a school in Pirkkala, Pirkanmaa, Finland. The suspect, a 16-year-old, released a manifesto saying his target was women. (Yle)
17 May 2025 –: Five people, including Estonian businessmen Oleg Sõnajalg and Priit Jaagant, are killed when two Robinson R44 civilian helicopters en route to Piikajärvi Airfield collide mid-air and crash into the ground in a forested area near Eura, Satakunta, Finland. (Eesti Rahvusringhääling)
14 January 2025 – 2024 Baltic Sea submarine cable disruptions, NATO operations: At the Summit of Baltic Sea Allies in Helsinki, Finland, NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte announces the establishment of the Baltic Sentry military mission, which will strengthen the protection of critical infrastructure in the region, such as energy and communication cables, from "destabilizing acts". (NATO News)
3 January 2025 – 2024 Estlink 2 incident: A district court in Helsinki, Finland, denies a request to release the impounded oil tanker Eagle S, suspected of damaging the Estlink 2 submarine power cable and carrying sanctioned Russian oil. (Al Jazeera)

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Panorama of Lake Pielinen from a hill in Koli National Park, Finland

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