Exsurge Domine

Counter-Reformation

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Faith, or The Church Triumphant, a 1665 portrait by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
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Exsurge Domine (Latin for 'Arise, O Lord') is a papal bull promulgated on 15 June 1520 by Pope Leo X written in response to Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses, which opposed the views of the Catholic Church. The bull censured forty-one of the Ninety-five Theses, and threatened Luther and his colleagues—one being Andreas Karlstadt—with excommunication unless they recanted their teachings sixty days after the publication of the bull in the Electorate of Saxony—now Saxony, Germany—and its neighboring regions.

Both theologians refused to recant, and Luther responded instead by composing polemical tracts rebuking the papacy and publicly burning a copy of Exsurge Domine on 10 December 1520 at the Elster Gate in Wittenburg. As a result, Pope Leo X promulgated the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem on 3 January 1521, excommunicating both theologians.