Pan Pan (kingdom)

Pan Pan or Panpan was a small Hindu kingdom believed to have existed around the 3rd to 7th century CE. It is believed to have been located on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula, with opinion varying from somewhere in Kelantan or Terengganu, in modern-day Malaysia to the vicinity of Phunphin district, Surat Thani province, in modern Thailand.

According to the Chinese text Jiu Tang Shu, Pan Pan was bordered in the south with Langkasuka,^: 53 and in the north with Tun Sun near the Kra Isthmus.^: 259 Jacq-Hergoualc'h speculates that the border may have been south of Nakhon Si Thammarat, possibly near Songkhla.^: 53

After the northern neighbor Tun Sun gained independence from Funan and became Lang-chia or Lang-ya-hsiu in the late 5th century CE, its southern part joined Pan Pan in the 6th century,^{: 262–263} while the northern territory became Dvaravati.^{: 268–269}

It is speculated to be related to the Patani Kingdom, which occupied the same area many centuries later, and has some differences in culture and language to other Malay regions nearby.